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Question 1

lewis acid

Answer 1

e- pair acceptor

Question 2

lewis base

Answer 2

e- pair donor

Question 3

enthalpic factors of the formation of metal-ion complexes

Answer 3

increased umber of ligands increases thermodynamic stability
increased bond strength increases thermodynamic stability
steric hinderance : number f ligands is limited by repulsion
increased charge reduces the stability of the complex

Question 4

formation constant

Answer 4

Kf (M-1)

Question 5

stability constant

Answer 5

B (beta)

Question 6

hard acid/base

Answer 6

smaller and more difficult to polarize

Question 7

polydentate

Answer 7

ligands with more than 1 donor atom which can bond to the metal ion

Question 8

chelation

Answer 8

coordination of 2 or more donor atoms from a single ligand

Question 9

chelate effect

Answer 9

reduced binding energy
increased binding affinity
increase in entropy compared to non-chelated ligands

Question 10

n

Answer 10

hapticity = number of contiguous atoms of a ligand attachted to a metal

Question 11

k

Answer 11

denticity = number of non-contiguous atoms coordinating from a ligand
often a chelating ligand

Question 12

u

Answer 12

number of metal ions bridged by a ligand

Question 13

normal geometry of a 2 coordinate complex

Answer 13

linear

Question 14

normal geometry of a 3 coordinate complex

Answer 14

trigonal

Question 15

normal geometry of a 4 coordinate complex

Answer 15

tetrahedral/square planar

Question 16

normal geometry of a 5 coordinate complex

Answer 16

trigonal bipyramidal

Question 17

normal geometry of a 6 coordinate complex

Answer 17

octahedral bipyramidal

Question 18

crystal field theory

Answer 18

assumes all metal ligand bonding is ionic

Question 19

crystal field theory

Answer 19

assumes all metal ligand bonding is ionic

Question 20

molecular orbital approach

Answer 20

assume all bonding is covalent between ligand and metal

Question 21

weak field ligands

Answer 21

pi bond donor ligands (lower splitting)

Question 22

strong field ligands

Answer 22

pi bond acceptor ligands (higher splitting)

Question 23

diamagnetic species

Answer 23

all e- are spin-paired
repelled by magnetic field
no overall magnetic moment

Question 24

paramagnetic species

Answer 24

1 or more unpaired e-
attracted by magnetic field (depends on no. of unpaired e-)
has magnetic moment

Question 25

ferromagnetic material

Answer 25

large domains of magnetic dipoles are aligned in the same direction
metal centre couple to increase para-magnetism

Question 26

antiferromagnetic material

Answer 26

neighboring magnetic dipoles are aligned in opposite directions
no overall magnetic field reduces para-magnetism

Question 27

eqn for effective magnetic moment

Answer 27

ueff = square root (n (n+2) )

Question 28

number of unpaired e- deduced from

Answer 28

increased weight of paramagnetic species

ueff when you have a change in weight and stoichiometry

Question 29

colour change of a complex caused by

Answer 29

change in oxidation state
change of ligand
change in coordination number or geometry

Question 30

where do the colours of transition metals arise from

Answer 30

absorption specific wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation in the visible region
absorptions arise from e- transitions between energy levels
between metal-centered orbitals or between metal+ligand centered molecular orbital

Question 31

lambda max

Answer 31

position and intensity of absorption peak

Question 32

effect of increased ionic radii on lambda max and energy required to promote an e-

Answer 32

lambda max decreases

E inreases

Question 33

effect of increased liagnd radii on lambda max and energy required to promote an e-

Answer 33

lambda max increases
E decreases (easier to oxidise)

Question 34

effect of increased oxidation state on lambda max and energy required to promote an e-

Answer 34

lambda max increases
E decreases (easier to reduce)

Question 35

electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

Answer 35

micro electromagnetic radiation

detects spin state changes in substances with unpaired e- spins

Question 36

standard reduction potential

Answer 36

how easily an atom/ion can pick an e-
relative to standard H electrode
always in aqueous environment

Question 37

redox potential depends on

Answer 37

identity and oxidation state of metal ion

identity of ligand

Question 38

catalysis

Answer 38

redox between transition metal complex and small molecule oxidant/reductant

Question 39

e- transfer between complexes

Answer 39

redox
inner sphere - ligand shared and used as bridged intermediate
outer sphere - no bridging ligand

Question 40

ferromagnetism

Answer 40

permanently magnetized

Question 41

calculation of metal oxidation state

Answer 41

charge of complex - (no. ligands X ligand formal charge)