植物水分生理 Flashcards

1
Q

Free water

A

Free water

不与细胞组分相结合,易自由移动的水分,参与代谢,能做溶剂,易结冰。

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2
Q

bound water

A

bound water

与细胞组分紧密结合,不易自由移动的水分,不参与代谢,不易结冰,不能做溶剂

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3
Q

生理需水

A

直接用于植物的生命活动

保持植物体内水分平衡

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4
Q

生态需水

A

水分作为生态因子,创造作物高产栽培所必需体外环境消耗的水

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5
Q

water potential

A

同温同压同一系统中,一偏摩尔体积溶液含有的自由能与一偏摩尔纯水含有自由能的差值

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6
Q

solute potential

A

由于溶质存在而降低的水势,取决于细胞内溶质颗粒的总和

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7
Q

pressure potential

A

由于细胞膨压存在而提高的水势,一般为正值

剧烈蒸腾为负值

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8
Q

matric potential

A

细胞内胶体物质对水分吸附而引起水分降低的值

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9
Q

diffusion

A

任何物质分子都有从某一浓度较高的区域向其邻近浓度较低的区域迁徙的趋势

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10
Q

osmosis

A

溶剂分子通过半透膜的扩散作用

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11
Q

semipermeable memerane

A

具有选择性透过的膜,理想情况下只允许水分子通过

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12
Q

imbibition

A

亲水胶体吸水膨胀的现象

蛋白大于淀粉大于纤维素远大于脂类

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13
Q

metabolic absorption of water

A

利用细胞呼吸释放出的能量,使水分通过质膜进入细胞的过程

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14
Q

plasmolysis

A

高浓度溶液中,植物细胞液泡吸水

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15
Q

soil available water

A

土壤中能被植物直接吸收利用,其含水量高于萎蔫系数以上的水

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16
Q

wilting

A

植物体内水分不足时,叶片和茎的幼嫩部分下垂

17
Q

permanent wilting

A

土壤缺少有效水,根系无法吸收水分造成的萎蔫