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Question 1

these two measured the duration of working memory by manipulating rehearsal, finding that the duration of working memory is about 20 seconds

Answer 1

Brown & Peterson (1958/1959)

Question 1

One way to keep info in the STM is by rehearsing the info

Answer 1

STM-Characteristics

Question 2

Repeating info to prolong its presence in the STM

Answer 2

Maintnance rehearsal

Question 3

The process of breaking down complex info into broad concepts / grouping bits of related info

Answer 3

Chunking

Question 4

Complex info broken down into broad concepts & further subdevided into catagories & subcatagories

Answer 4

Hierarchy

Question 5

Unlimited capacity to store. Estimates on capacity range from 1000billion bits to 1,000,000 billion bits of info

Answer 5

Long-Term memory

Question 6

The person must identify an item among other choices. Example is a multiple choice test

Answer 6

Recognition

Question 7

The person must retrieve info using effort. Example is a fill in the blank test

Answer 7

Recall

Question 8

Encoding that requires attention & conscious effort

Answer 8

Effortfull processing

Question 9

Unconscious encoding of random info

Answer 9

Automatic processing

Question 10

Memory of facts & experiences that one can consciously know and declare

Answer 10

Explicit memory

Question 11

Retention indipendent of conscious recolection

Answer 11

Implicit memory

Question 12

Effortfull memorys are processes in what part of the brain

Answer 12

Hippocampus / frontal lobe

Question 13

The stories of our lives & experiences that we can recall & tell someone, like a TV episode

Answer 13

Episodic memorys

Question 14

Memories that are not drawn from personal experience but rather from everyday common kinds of knowladge like names of colors and names of states/ basic facts

Answer 14

Semantic memories

Question 15

So well learned that you are unaware of it. Like walking and riding a back

Answer 15

Procedural memories

Question 16

involves the memory of future events

Answer 16

Prospective memory

Question 17

A unique & highly emotional momrny may lead to a clear, strong, and persistant memory called flashbulb memory, however this memory is not void of error. Example is first kiss or 911 attacks

Answer 17

Flashbulb memory

Question 18

We retain info better when we rehearse over time

Answer 18

Spacing effect

Question 19

When your recall is better for first and last items on a list, but bad for the middle items

Answer 19

Serial position effect/ primacy effect/ recency effect

Question 20

When you are so anxious about being next that you cannot remember what the person just before you in line said.

Answer 20

Next in line effect

Question 21

Ways we encode

Answer 21

By meaning, images, and organization

Question 22

Mental pictures (imagery) are a powerfull aid to effortfull processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding

Answer 22

Visual encoding