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Hygienic Practice > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

An organism that can cause infection

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2
Q

What is an infection?

A

Multiplication of pathogens in or on a host with reaction of host tissues

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3
Q

What is a disease?

A

Disturbance of normal host function

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4
Q

What is an infectious disease?

A

An infection where the host reacts to a pathogen meaning host cells can’t carry out normal functions (often communicable)

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5
Q

What is contamination?

A

Temporary presence of organisms in a location/env WITHOUT reaction/injury

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6
Q

What is colonisation?

A

Continued presence of organisms in a location/env WITHOUT reaction/injury

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7
Q

Why is hygienic practice important?

A

Prevent spread of communicable diseases

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8
Q

Why do we want to prevent communicable diseases spreading?

A

-Mortality (death)
-Expensive
More beds taken
More treatment needed
Patient more unwell (if HCAI)

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9
Q

What are health care acquired infections?

A

Infectious diseases acquired more than 48h after admission OR less than 48h after discharge

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10
Q

What are some common HCAIs?

A

-UTIs
-Pneumonia/other resp tract infections
Surgical site infection
-Gastroenteritis
-C.Difficile

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11
Q

What are the 7 modes of transmission for infectious diseases & give examples?

A

-Airbourne - respiratory droplets in air (COVID-19)
-Direct contact - touch each other (MRSA)
-Indirect contact - touch things they have (MRSA)
-Fecal-oral (C.Difficile)
-Blood borne (Hepititis)
-Vector - animals, insects, rodents (Malaria)
-Vertical - via placenta (HIV)

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12
Q

What is the most effective place to break the chain of infection?

A

Modes of transmission

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13
Q

How do detergent disinfectants work?

A

-Hydrophobic part sticks to hydrophobic oils & microorganisms
-Hydrophilic part = so can be easily rinsed away
–> on ALL microorganisms

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14
Q

How do alcoholic disinfectants work?

A

-Dissolve cell memb & denatures prots in memb
–> on SOME microorganisms (not C.diff - as has spores)

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15
Q

How do chlorine sterilising agents work?

A

-Dissolves cell memb - as +ve charge of agent binds to parts of microorganism
-Works on inner mems too
–> on ALL microorganisms

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16
Q

How to break chain in other ways?

A

-Isolation - barrier nursing
-Vaccination - imm progs
-Waste disposal procedures
-PPE - aprons, gloves, goggles
-Decon, disinf, steril - env & equip
-Waste & linen segregation
-Safe disposal of sharps
-Building design -> lots of hand washing facilities i.e., at end of beds
-No. people in an area
-Aseptic techniques
-Education!!!
-Surveillance
-Wound dressing management & care of invasive devices
-Appropriate use of antimicrobials

17
Q

Importance of immunisation as an infection prevention method?

A

Can mean diseases can be eradicated in a country
-Vaccinated people = less susceptible

18
Q

Importance of screening as an infection prevention method?

A

Enables identification of if a disease if present before admission or if is developed whilst in hospital

19
Q

How to prevent infection when indwelling devices are used?

A

Remove when no longer necessary (urinary catheters, venous cannulas) - bacteria can reside within

20
Q

What is my personal repsonsibility?

A

-Don’t go to work with D&V
-Be fully vaccinated
-Report reoccurrent boils, lesions, rashes, eye styes to clinical supervisor/occ health

21
Q

What is my personal responsibility?

A

-Don’t go to work with D&V
-Be fully vaccinated
-Report reoccurrent boils, lesions, rashes, eye styes to clinical supervisor/occ health

22
Q

What is an outbreak?

A

The occurrence of more cases of a disease than would be expected in a spec place or group over given time period

23
Q

Why are outbreaks managed?

A

To protect public health - by identifying the source & putting control measures in place to prevent further spread of infection

24
Q

How are outbreaks detected?

A

-IPCON teams in trust
-UKHSA notification by suspected notifiable disease legislation
-Mandatory surveillance
-Public reports

25
Q

Steps in managing an outbreak?

A

-Surveillance
-Documentation
-Communication
-Regularly appropriate intervention measures

26
Q

What HCIs is it mandatory to report - for mandatory surveillance?

A

-MRSA & MSSA bacteraemia
-E. coli bacteraemia
-P. aeruginosa
-Klebsiella spp
-C. difficile
-COVID-19

27
Q

Progression of disease spread?

A

Individual infection -> more -> outbreak -> epidemic -> pandemic

28
Q

5 moments physicians should wash hands?

A

-Before touch patient
-Before clean/aseptic procedure
-After body fluid exposure risk
-After touch patient
-After touch patient’s surroundings

Hygienic Practice (1 decks)

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