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Question 1

heart of bird on front page beats _______ times per minute. migrates ________ and wings flat at ___to____ times per sec.

Answer 1

1260, 2000, 15-18

Question 2

how animals work?

Answer 2

physiology

Question 3

explain comparative august krogh principle

Answer 3

for every question in physiology there is a specific animal that best describes it

Question 4

explain ecological perspective

Answer 4

real animals in real environments

Question 5

evolutionary perspective involves what?

Answer 5

ultimate and proximate

Question 6

what is ultimate?

Answer 6

why?

Question 7

what is proximate?

Answer 7

the mechanism explaining how an animal does something

Question 8

nature of physiological traits depend on what two things?

Answer 8

history and evolution

Question 9

inherited from ancestor- can be called what two things?

Answer 9

phylogeny and plesimorphic

Question 10

convergent evolution can also be called what? and what is it?

Answer 10

when two characteristics show up independent of each other. ex: insects and birds developed wings separately… homoplastic

Question 11

explain what phenotypic plasticity is

Answer 11

when you have the same genotype, but different phenotype. for example, an anole can change its color depending on the environment that it is in.

Question 12

meaning of static and dynamic?

Answer 12

static means stays the same and dynamic means it changes

Question 13

what is used to “run” the system?

Answer 13

the energy of bonds that come from ATP

Question 14

what is the meaning of homeotherm?

Answer 14

their body temperature stays the same

Question 15

what is the meaning of poikilotherm?

Answer 15

their body temperature changes

Question 16

are living systems open or close?

Answer 16

open

Question 17

what two things work together to provide homeostasis?

Answer 17

nervous system and the endocrine system

Question 18

explain what thermodynamic system is

Answer 18

no energy is required, not receiving any work from the system, lowest energy state

Question 19

explain what dynamic steady state

Answer 19

requires energy input, can get work out of the system, flow of matter and energy

Question 20

explain what transient state is

Answer 20

when you go from sitting to running, it causes everything to go up in your body, if you keep running you eventually change your steady state

Question 21

explain control

Answer 21

when you control the value or something however you want. ability to alter a variable

Question 22

explain regulation

Answer 22

the ability to stabilize a value at or near some particular value or level by amount intensity or concentration.

Question 23

verbal equation for stability

Answer 23

regulation + balance = stability

Question 24

controlled variable in regulated system?

Answer 24

bath temp

Question 25

disturbance in regulated system?

Answer 25

heat being lost to the environment

Question 26

effectors in regulated system?

Answer 26

the heater

Question 27

controller or integrator of regulated system?

Answer 27

the thermostat

Question 28

the sensors of the regulates system?

Answer 28

the thermometer or receptors in animals

Question 29

what is the equation for the error signal?

Answer 29

reference- bath temp

Question 30

which feedback resists change ?

Answer 30

negative

Question 31

which feedback creates rapid change ?

Answer 31

positive

Question 32

in the example with fall in body temperature, what is the effector, sensors and integrator?

Answer 32

skeletal muscles are the effectors, temp monitering nerve cells are the sensors, and the temperature control center is the integrator

Question 33

you can reset the control of negative feedback by what two things?

Answer 33

higher system or clock

Question 34

explain the birthing process

Answer 34

uterus begins contracting, stimulates stretch receptors, which stimulate the moms hypothalmus which stimulates the pituitary glands to secrete oxytocin which increases the contractions

Question 35

explain proportional control graph

Answer 35

line is a diagonal like. as something goes up, the other does also

Question 36

explain on-off control grapgh

Answer 36

a certain value needs to be hit for any change to happen like a heater. can be considered to be sloppy

Question 37

explain redundancy

Answer 37

multiple controls which is better than s single control