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Psychology > 1 & 2 > Flashcards

1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

structuralism

A

introduced introspection (self-reflection)

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2
Q

functionalist

A

focuses on mental and behavioral process help us adapt, survive, and flourish

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3
Q

experimental psychology

A

study using experiments

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4
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Austrian physician who developed influential psychoanalytic theory of personality

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5
Q

behaviorism

A

view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

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6
Q

humanistic psychology

A

importance of current environmental influences on our growth potential; focuses on individuals growth potential

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7
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

the study of brain activity linked with mental activity; language, memory, perception etc…

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8
Q

psychology

A

science of behavior and mental processes

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9
Q

nature-nurture issue

A

the controversy over the relative contributions of biology and experience

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10
Q

natural selection

A

From among chance variations, nature selects the traits that
best enable an organism to survive and reproduce

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11
Q

biopsychological approach

A

considers the influences of biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors

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12
Q

biological perspective (level of analysis)

A

links between biological and psychological processes

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13
Q

evolutionary perspective (level of analysis)

A

studies roots of behavior and mental processes (natural selection)

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14
Q

psychodynamic perspective (level of analysis)

A

studies how the unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior

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15
Q

behavioral approach (level of analysis)

A

studies observable behavior (looks for external stimuli)

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16
Q

cognitive perspective (level of analysis)

A

study of all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

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17
Q

social-cultural perspective (level of analysis)

A

study how situations and culture affect our thinking

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18
Q

psychometrics

A

scientific study of the measurement of human abilities

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19
Q

developmental psychologists

A

studying our changing abilities from womb to tomb

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20
Q

educational psychologists

A

studying influences on teaching and learning

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21
Q

personality psychologist

A

investigating our persistent traits

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22
Q

social psychologists

A

exploring how we view and affect one another

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23
Q

applied researched

A

science aimed to solve problems

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24
Q

industrial-organizational psychology

A

aims to optimize human behavior in a workplace

25
Q

human factors psychology

A

focus on the interaction of people, machines, and physical environ-
ments

26
Q

counseling psychology

A

help people to cope with challenges and crises (including academic, vocational, and marital issues) and to improve their personal and social functioning

27
Q

clinical psychologist

A

treat mental, emotional, and behavior disorders

28
Q

psychiatrist

A

often provide psychotherapy, are medical doctors licensed to prescribe drugs and otherwise treat physical causes of psychological disorders

29
Q

hindsight bias

A

Finding that something has happened makes it seem inevitable, a tendency we call..

30
Q

critical thinking

A

examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions

31
Q

theory

A

explains through an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

32
Q

hypothesis

A

terrible prediction

33
Q

operational definitions

A

describe concepts with precise procedures or measures

34
Q

replication

A

repeating a study

35
Q

case study

A

one person is studied in depth in hopes of revealing a universal principle

36
Q

survey

A

ascertaining self reported attitudes or behaviors; usually random or in a group

37
Q

population

A

all cases in a group being studied

38
Q

random sample

A

sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

39
Q

naturalistic observation

A

recording data without without manipulating or controlling the situation

40
Q

correlation

A

how relation is measured

41
Q

correlation coefficient

A

helps us figure how closely two things vary together, and thus how well either one predicts the other

42
Q

scatterplots

A

illustrating the range of possible correlations from a perfect positive to a perfect negative

43
Q

experiment

A

where researchers can isolate cause and effect

44
Q

random assignment

A

assigning participants to experimental or control groups by chance, minimizing preexisting differences between groups

45
Q

double-blind procedure

A

neither the participants nor the research assistants collecting the data will know which group is receiving the treatment

46
Q

placebo effect

A

experimental results caused by expectations alone

47
Q

experimental group

A

group exposed to treatment

48
Q

control group

A

group that does not receive the treatment

49
Q

independent variable

A

experimental factor that is manipulated; variable who’s effect is being studied

50
Q

confounding variable

A

factor other than independent that might produce an effect in the experiment

51
Q

dependent variable

A

outcome factor; variable that may respond due to the manipulation of the independent variable

52
Q

mode

A

most frequent occurring score

53
Q

mean

A

arithmetic average—the sum of all the scores divided by the number of scores

54
Q

median

A

is the midpoint—the 50th percentile

55
Q

range

A

gap between the lowest and highest scores

56
Q

slandered deviation

A

computer measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

57
Q

normal curve

A

symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data

58
Q

empricism

A

view which knowledge originates in experience; should rely on observation and experimentation

Psychology (3 decks)

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