1/22/24 Flashcards
Make it easier for us to use simple principles to arrive at solutions to problems
Heuristics
Involves a sudden novel realization of a solution to a problem. Humans and animals have this
Insight
Found that other species (Including chimps) can display insight
Wolfgang Kohler
EEG and brain imaging studies show that when insight happens it activates the temporal lobe. the time between knowing and realizing is 0.3 seconds
Insight
Looking for information that confirms our own beliefs and biases
Conformation bias
The feeling of “I knew that was going to happen” After it happened
Hindsight bias
An inhability to see a problem from a different point of view
Fixation
How would you arrange six matches to form four equall traingles
The Matchstick Problem
Tendency to try to solve a problem the same way you solved things in the past
Mental set
A tendancy to think of an object to only be usefull for who its for
Functional fixidness
Judging the chance of things or objects in terms of how well they make sense to us. (the “i cant operate on him hes my son” problem) for example
Representative heuristics
Estimates the likelyhood of events based on the availability in our memory. vivid cases stick in our heads. Example: shark attacks, plane crashes, Murders.
Availability heuristics
When someone overestimates the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments. Both people buying and selling a stock think they are right
Overconfidence
Decisions and judments may be significantly affected depending on how an issue is framed
Framing decisions
The tendancy of ones pre-existing beliefs to distort logical reasoning by making invalid conclusions
Belief bias / Belief perservierence
