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1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four definitions of psychology?

A
  1. Science of mind and behavior
  2. Knowing and experiencing
  3. Things that move around on the their own
  4. Experimental epistemology
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2
Q

1879-

A

Wilhem Wundt founds first lab dedicated to psychology

– Titchener – “Structuralism

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3
Q

1913-

A

Behaviorism (Watson) - psychology must Study the observable (Behavior)

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4
Q

1967-

A

Cognitive Psychology (Neisser) – Studying attention, memory, perception, language, etc

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5
Q

What did Sherrington discover and why is that important?

A

Temporal Summation- repeated stimuli applied to produce a reflex

  • Suggest gaps between neurons
  • Dogs poking
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6
Q

The CEREBELLUM

A

integrates muscles to perform fine movement, but is not responsible for the coordination or direction of these movements. (Hint: Latin for “little brain”).
If a cat is transected above the hindbrain, it can move but not act.

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7
Q

MEDULLA

A

MEDULLA is located at the top of the spinal cord and is responsible for breathing, heartbeat, and blood circulation. (Hint: Latin word for “marrow”).

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8
Q

PONS

A

“bridgeand is responsible for arousal and attention.-penis

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9
Q

Midbrain:

A

The function of the midbrain is form movement into acts; also controls whole body responses to visual and auditory stimuli.(to be able to have control over your body with purpose
If a cat is transected above the midbrain, can act but without regard to the environment (without purpose).

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10
Q

THALAMUS

A

THALAMUS is the sensory and motor relay center.

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11
Q

HYPOTHALAMUS

A

controls responses to basic needs, such as food, temperature, and sex.
Hint: The Four “F’s” of Motivation-fighting , feeding,fucking,

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12
Q

The BASAL GANGLIA(baseball movement

A

regulates muscle contractions for smooth movements with the help of dopamine from the substantia nigra.-
If the substantia nigra fails to send dopamine here, the BASAL GANGLIA cannot make muscles contract. This can cause diseases such as PARKINSON’S
The three main symptoms of this disease are:
1. Slowness of movement
2. Tremors (shaking of body)
3. Rigidity (can’t move muscles anymore)

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13
Q

The LIMBIC SYSTEM

A

SYSTEM is responsible for memory and emotion, using the hippocampus and amygdala respectively

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14
Q

The CEREBRAL CORTEX

A

contains four lobes and is the seat of “higher” intellectual functions.
If a cat is transected above the limbic system, acts normal without purpose BUT is clumsy.

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15
Q

NOT true about the corpus callosum

A

The corpus callosum is a large band of neural fibers.
The corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres of the brain.
It is the largest commissure of the brain.

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16
Q

Franz Joseph Gall identified the place where nerve fibers cross sides across the brain, but is more commonly known for his pseudoscience phrenology.

A

.

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17
Q

brain plasticity

A

-The brain can change over time, some functions can be recovered if damaged occurs, remaping

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18
Q

What is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?

A

b. Planning and social behavior

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19
Q

The prefrontal cortex is an example of a “non-primary” area of the brain. What are two others

A
  1. Broca’s area= producing language (frontal cortex, left side only)
  2. Wernicke’s area = understanding language (temporal lobe, left side only)
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20
Q

Frontal lobe

A

planning, social behavior, motor control

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21
Q

Parietal lobe

A

somatosensory (sense of touch)

22
Q

Occipital lobe

A

vision

23
Q

Temporal lobe

A

hearing, memory

24
Q

Hindbrain:(3)

A

The MEDULLA ,PONS,CEREBELLUM

25
Q

Midbrain two components

A

.

26
Q

Forebrain

A

THALAMUS,HYPOTHALAMUS,BASAL GANGLIA ,LIMBIC SYSTEM ,CEREBRAL CORTEX

27
Q

There are TWO general rules of cortical function:

A

The left hemisphere → LANGUAGE
The right hemisphere → SPATIAL ABILITIES

Front → EXPRESSIONS/ACTIONS/PLANS
Back → RECEPTION/PERCEPTION/INTERPRETATION

28
Q

When Oliver Sacks asks his patient to put his shoes on, his patient points to his foot while asking, “Is this my shoe?” The patient is clearly confused. This is a result of which type of brain damage

A

d. Agnosia

29
Q

Describe the effects of aphasia.

A

c. Disorder of language, difficulty producing or understanding language

30
Q

Damage to the right hemisphere in the parietal lobe is called “neglect.” A person experiencing this…

A

b. …is inattentive to the whole left side

31
Q

A loss of planning, moral reasoning, and/or sensitivity to social context, as well as a potential loss of action or deliberation may be due to damage in the:

A

a. Pre-frontal cortex

32
Q

Choose the best answer describing expressive aphasia.

A

b. Cannot produce speech, lesion to Broca’s area.

33
Q

Choose the best answer describing receptive aphasia.

A

a. Cannot understand speech, lesion to Wernicke’s area.

34
Q

Pre-frontal lesions

A

Loss of planning, moral reasoning, sensitivity to social context

35
Q

Apraxia

A

Failure in sequencing components of actions

36
Q

Agnosia

A

Deficit in interpreting, categorizing, labeling, knowing

37
Q

Neglect

A

Inattention to whole left side

38
Q

Expressive aphasia (Broca’s area)

A

Cannot produce speech

39
Q

Receptive aphasia (Wernicke’s area)

A

Cannot understand speech

40
Q

-Pre-frontal lesion

A

PRE-FRONTAL CORTEX (Actually a give-away)

41
Q

-Apraxia:

A

FRONTAL LOBE (just forward of the motor cortex)

42
Q

-Agnosia:

A

OCCIPITAL LOBE (visual, temporal (auditory))

43
Q

-Neglect:

A

PARIENTAL LOBE (right hemisphere)

44
Q

-Expressive aphasia

A

BROCA’S AREA (left hemisphere, frontal lobe)

45
Q

-Receptive aphasia:

A

WERNICKE’S AREA (left hemisphere, temporal lobe)

46
Q

Left side of each eye sends information to the LEFT hemisphere.

A

.

47
Q

Right side of each eye sends information to the RIGHT hemisphere.

A

.

48
Q

So, the left visual field goes to the RIGHT hemisphere, while the right visual field goes to the LEFT.

A

.

49
Q

The US represents the UNCONDITION STIMULUS (food)

A

.

50
Q

The UR represents the UNCONDITION RESPONSE (salivation)

A

.

51
Q

The CS represents the CONDITION STIMULUES (bell)

A

..

52
Q

The CR represents the CONDITION RESPONSE (salivation follow by bell)

A

.

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