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Psychology > 1) Developmental > Flashcards

1) Developmental Flashcards

1
Q

Forebrain

A

The forebrain is important for the planning and execution of movements, sensory processing, regulating sleep wake states and behavioral responses to emotions such as stress and fear

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2
Q

Hindbrain

A

Connected to spinal cord

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3
Q

Midbrain

A

Sensory info and simple movement

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4
Q

Cerebellum

A

Responsible for balance, coordination, and moving.

Manages motor commands sent from the nervous system

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5
Q

Medulla

A

Responsible for automatic/involuntary responses e.g breathing, blinking and sneezing

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6
Q

Piagets theory of cognitive development: STAGE 1 - sensorimotor stage

A

0-2 years
Explore the world using the senses
6 months they develop object permanence

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7
Q

What is object permanence?

A

Knowing an object exists even if its out of sight

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8
Q

Pre-operational stage

A

2 - 7 years
Animism: believe that all objects are alive e.g dolls

Egocentric: only see the world from their view.

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9
Q

Concrete Operational

A

7-11 years
seriation: sorting objects into size
Classification: naming and identifying objects

Reversibility: reverse actions
Conversion: understanding quantity and length sta the same
Decentration: taking multiple views

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10
Q

Formal operational stage

A

11+ years
understands everything like abstract stuff

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11
Q

Strengths of piagets theory of conginitive development

A

real work application - can be used in eduction to help children to develop into the next stage

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12
Q

Weakness of piagets theory of conginitive development

A

some studies show that children develop earlier than Piaget thought reducing the validity of the study

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13
Q

Define the term assimilation

A

incorporating new info in ur schema

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14
Q

Define the term accommodate

A

changing and altering ur schemas in light of new information

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15
Q

Define the term equilibraim

A

the balance between assimilation and accommodate

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16
Q

STUDY 1 - piaget and inhelder
Summarise the study

A

100 particiapants. - 4 - 12
wooden doll
10 pictures of three mountains

17
Q

Findings of the three mountains task

A

Pre-operational stage: Chose what they could see
concrete operational: Start to understand others see differently

18
Q

Conclusion of piagets study

A

Children up to 7 were egocentric
Supports his stages of development

19
Q

STUDY 2 - Dweks mindset theory
Define the term mindset

A

A set of beliefs we have about our ability to succeed in education and other areas of life.

20
Q

Define the term growth mindset

A

Believing that practice and effort improves “Ability”

21
Q

Define the term fixed mindset

A

Believing that ur abilities are fixed and unchangeable

22
Q

KEY POINTS - of dweks mindset theory

A

Children should be praised for effort rather than ability.

Children can develop fixed mindset and give up on challenges becaise it is not ‘in them’ to succeed

Teachers mindset could also affect the child.

23
Q

Strengths of Dweks mindset theory

A

Could be used in schools
Scientific evidence of Dweck improving the mindset of 1500 low achieving students using a growth mindset

24
Q

Weakness of Dweks mindset theory

A

David Dadou found that havinf a growth mindsett does not increases your abilities.

25
Q

Willinghams theory of practice

A

Factual knowledge proceeds skill

26
Q

Summarise Willinghams development theories

A

Cognitive: Use problems that are not too far out of children’s reach
Remember that children’s abilities change every day

Physical: Focus on movements necessary for the task
Practice muscle movements in front of children

Social development: encourage self-regulation (do not be influenced by others)
Demonstrate appropriate behavior for children to model

27
Q

Evaluate Willinghmams theory

A

can be applied to education
ignored importance of individual differences

28
Q

STUDY - Gunderson et al
Parent praise to 1-3 year olds
Summarise the study

A

Person praise: praising the individual can lead a child to develop fixed abilities

Process praise: Praising a child’s behavior leads to behavior and ability that can be changed with effort

29 boys and 24 girls
Girls = 10% process praise

29
Q

evaluate gundersons study

A

Generalisability: mix of cultures
Naturalistic setting

Ethical issues
participants may have changed behavour

30
Q

ISSUES AND DEBATES
MORALITY define it

A

understanding what is right and wrong

31
Q

KHOLBERG - Morality stages

A

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffigure%2FStages-of-Cognitive-Moral-Development-Based-on-description-from-Logsdon-and-Yuthas_fig3_280777010&psig=AOvVaw0x5k0LTQB_mnIzm4TqmpxI&ust=1713365538444000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBIQjRxqFwoTCLjO5JP-xoUDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE

Psychology (5 decks)

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