1. Genome Projects Flashcards
What is a genome ?
Entire set of DNA including all the genes in an organism
Sequencing genome
Work only on fragments of dna so if you want to sequence the entire genome of an organism you need to chop it up into smaller pieces first.
The smaller prices are sequences and then put back in order to give the sequence of whole genome
The human genome project
Entire sequence of human genome for first time.
To improve understanding of genetic factors in human diseases for new diagnosis is and treatment for illness.
Now we can look into genes causing inherited diseases over days not years
What is the proteome ?
All the proteins cells make?
Some parts of the genome code for specific proteins some parts don’t code for anything at all - non coding
Sequencing proteome
SIMPLE ORGANISMS
Bacteria
Don’t have much non coding dna
Easy to determine proteome from the DNA sequence of their genome.
Good for medical research
Identifying the protein antigens on the surface of disease causing bacteria and viruses can help develop vaccines to prevent disease / reduce spread and identity antibiotic resistance
Example of indentifying proteome to make vaccine
N.meningitis group B bacteria causing meningitis B
Sequencing the genome of these bacteria helped researched identify antigens for use to develop vaccine
Sequencing proteome
COMPLEX ORGANISMS
Large sections of non coding DNA
Also contain complex regularity genes which determine when genes that code for particular proteins should be switched on or off.
^this makes it more difficult to translate their genome into their proteome because it’s hard to find bits that code for protein among non coding and regulatory dna
Sequencing methods in the past
Labour intensive
Expensive
Small scale
NOW
automated / cost effective / large scale
Example of new sequencing methods
Pyrosequencing sequences around 400 million bases in 10 hour period - quick
