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Urology > 1: Urological Malignancies - Testicular Cancer > Flashcards

1: Urological Malignancies - Testicular Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the commonest malignancy in males 20-30 years-old

A

Testicular cancer

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2
Q

If a 20-30 year-old was going to be diagnosed with cancer what would it be

A

Testicular cancer

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3
Q

What are 5 RF for testicular cancer

A
  1. FH
  2. Cryptorchidism
  3. Klinefelter
  4. Mumps orchitis
  5. Infertility (3-times)
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4
Q

What % tumours are bilateral in testicular cancer

A

5%

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5
Q

What % tumours occur in cryptorchdisim

A

10%

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6
Q

how does testicular cancer present clinically

A
  • painless swelling of the testicle
  • dull discomfort
  • haematospermia
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7
Q

on examination of the lump in testicular cancer what will it not do

A

transilluminate

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8
Q

what are the two main classification of testicular cancer

A
  • Germ cell

- Non Germ cell tumours

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9
Q

what are the two types of germ cell tumours

A

Seminoma

Non-seminoma

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10
Q

what % of germ-cell tumours are seminomatous

A

55%

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11
Q

name 5 germ cell non-seminomatous cancers

A
  • Embryonal
  • Teratoma
  • Testicular choriocarcinoma
  • Yolk sac tumour
  • Mixed germ cell tumour
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12
Q

what are the two non germ-cell tumours

A

Leydig

Secondary tumours

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13
Q

what is a secondary testicular tumour

A

Lymphoma

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14
Q

what is the most common testicular tumour in men over 60

A

Lymphoma (Secondary Testicular Tumour)

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15
Q

Where to testicular tumours typically metastasise to

A

Para-aortic lymph nodes

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16
Q

What testicular tumours are most likely to metastasise

A

Non-seminoma germ-cell tumours

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17
Q

What 3 enzymes are raised in germ cell testicular cancer

A

AFP
LDH
bHCG

18
Q

What enzyme is most associated with germ-cell testicular cancers

A

AFP (60%)

19
Q

What % of germ-cell tumours have raised LDH

A

40%

20
Q

What % of germ-cell tumours have raised bHCG

A

20%

21
Q

What is first-line investigation for testicular cancer

A

USS

22
Q

If testicular cancer is found what is ordered to stage disease

A

CT CAP

23
Q

What is stage 1 testicular cancer

A

No mets

24
Q

What is stage 2 testicular cancer

A

Infra-diaphragmatic lymph node mets

25
Q

What is stage 3 testicular cancer

A

Supra-diaphragmatic lymph node mets

26
Q

What is stage 4 testicular cancer

A

Lung involvement

27
Q

What is first-line for testicular cancer

A

Inguinal radical orchidectomy

28
Q

Where is the incision made in radical inguinal orchidectomy and why

A

Inguinal region and spermatic cord compressed - this is done to prevent seeding

29
Q

What type of testicular cancer is radiotherapy sensitive

A

Seminoma

30
Q

How many cycles is usually required in NSGCT

A

3-cycles

31
Q

Outline prognosis in testicular cancer

A

Very good prognosis

32
Q

What is the average age of individual when diagnosed with seminomatous germ cell tumour

A

40-years

33
Q

What is prognosis of seminomatous germ cell tumour

A

very good

34
Q

How does AFP present in seminomatous germ cell tumour

A

normal

35
Q

What % of seminomatous germ cell tumours have raised HCG

A

10

36
Q

What % of seminomatous germ cell tumours have raised LDH

A

20

37
Q

What age do non-seminomatous germ cell tumours present

A

younger: 20-30’s

38
Q

Wha is prognosis of non-seminomatous germ cell tumours

A

poor

39
Q

What % of non-seminomatous germ cell tumours have raised AFP

A

70

40
Q

What % of non-seminomatous germ cell tumours have raised HCG

A

40

Urology (14 decks)

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