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Anatomy & Physiology > 10. The Digestive System > Flashcards

10. The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Accessary Parts of the Digestive System

A

Not part of the digestive tract, but aid in digestion: salivary gland, pacreas, etc.

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2
Q

Peritoneum Membrane

A

One of the largest membranes in the body. Covers from the top of the liver to bottom of the abd cavity

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3
Q

Greater Membrane

A

The policeman of the absolving. Provides physical protection and helps with immunity.

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4
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

Keeps organs in place

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5
Q

Digestive Processes

A
  • Ingestion
  • Propulsion (swallowing & peristalsis)
  • mechanical/physical
  • chemical
  • absorption
  • defecation (only in large intestine)
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6
Q

4 Layers of GI Tube (MSMS)

A
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis Externa
  • Serosa
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7
Q

Mucosa (GI Tube)

A

-Innermost lining-
mucus secretion
-nutrient absorption
-pathogen defense (MALTS)

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8
Q

Submucosa (GI Layer)

A
  • loose connective tissue
  • larger blood vessels
  • Lymphatics
  • Nerves
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9
Q

Muscular Externa

A

Segmentation and peristalsis

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10
Q

Serosa (GI Layer)

A
  • Outermost layer

- Visceral peritoneum

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11
Q

What breaks down carbs?

A

Salivary amylase -salivary glands, mouth

Pancreatic amylase -pancreas, small intestines

Maltese -small intestines, small intestines

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12
Q

What break down proteins?

A

Pepsin -gastric glands, stomach

Trypsin -pancreas, small intestines

Peptidases -small intestines, small intestines

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13
Q

What breaks down nucleus acids?

A

Nuclease -pancreas, small intestines

Nucleosidases -pancreas, small intestines

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14
Q

What breaks down fats?

A

Lipase -pancreas, small intestines

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15
Q

The mouth

A
  • oral/buccal cavity
  • lips and cheeks
  • hard palate (roof of mouth for tongue to push food against)
  • soft palate (closes nasopharynx during swallowing)
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16
Q

Three salivary glands that produce amylase

A

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

17
Q

When does voluntary control stop in digestion?

A

After swallowing

18
Q

Deglutition

A

Ie swallowing

19
Q

Chyme (in the stomach)

A

Churned food + gastric juices + saliva

20
Q

Secretion of gastric juices

A
  • hydrochloric acid
  • pepsin
  • intrinsic factor
  • gastric lipase
21
Q

Gastrin

A
22
Q

pH level of stomach

A

1-5 - 3.5

23
Q

Cells of Mucus Pits

A
  • Mucus Neck Cells
  • Parietal cells
  • chief cells
  • enteroendocrine cells
24
Q

Mucus Neck Cella (Mucus Pit Cell)

A

Acidic mucus production

25
Q

Parietal cells (Mucus Pit Cell)

A
  1. Hydrochloric acid
    - acid for pepsin activation
    - protein denaturation
    - plant cell wall degradation
    - bacterial lysis
  2. Intrinsic factor
    - essential for vit-B12 absorption in small intestine
26
Q

Chief cells (Mucus Pit Cell)

A

Pepsinogen (pepsin pre-cursor)

27
Q

Enteroendocrine cells (Mucus Pit Cell)

A
  • paracrines (histamine)

- hormones (gastrin)

28
Q

Mucosal Barrier of Stomach

A

Protection from self-digestion: bicarbonate-rich mucus, tight junctions and rapid replacement of damaged epithelial cells (every 3-6 days)

29
Q

Structural Unit of Liver

A

Lobules

  • hexagonal in shape
  • brick-like pattern of hepatocytes
  • radiate from central vein
  • portal triad at each lobule corner: hepatic artery branch, hepatic portal vein branch and bile duct
30
Q

What is multiplication in digestion

A

Break down of fats from bile (emulsification)

31
Q

Kupffer Cells

A

Hepatic macrophages that line the sinusoids. Removes worn out blood cells from blood and phagocytoses bacteria and debris

32
Q

Bile

A

Yellow-green alkaline solution with components that aid in digestion:

  • Phospholipids (polar and non-polar regions)
  • bile salts (cholesterol derivatives, emulsify fats, aid fat and cholesterol absorption, reabsorbed by enterohepatic circulation)
33
Q

Function of liver

A
  • metabolism: carb, lipid and protection
  • processes of drugs and hormones
  • bilirubin excretion
  • storage
  • phagocytosis
  • vitamin D
34
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces enzymes that digest carbs, proteins, fats abs nucleus acids.

Produces sodium bicarbonate which buffers stomach acid

Empties stomach into duodenum

35
Q

Subdivision of small intestine

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
36
Q

Increases surface area in small intestine

A

Circular folds
Vili
Microvili

37
Q

Divisions of large intestine

A
  • Cecum
  • Colon
  • Rectum
  • Anal Canal
38
Q

Teniae coli

A

Muscle that moves feces through large intestine

39
Q

Bacteria of large intestine

A

~10 million species

Synthesize B and K vitamins

Metabolizes host-derives molecules (hyaluronic acid, heparin and mucin)

Ferment indigestible carbs

Anatomy & Physiology (13 decks)

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