Infertility

Question 1

What is the definition of infertility?

Answer 1

Failure to conceive after 1 year of unprotected sexual intercourse.

Question 2

What are the scientific names for these issues?

1. Low sperm count
2. Slow sperm movement
3. Abnormal sperm shape
4. No sperm

Answer 2

1. Oligozoospermia
2. Asthenozoospermia
3. Teratozoospermia
4. Azoospermia

Question 3

What congenital defect in a man can cause infertility?

Answer 3

Absent vas deferens

Question 4

What is the ovarian reserve at these points in life?

1. 7/40 gestational age
2. Birth
3. Menarche

Answer 4

1. 20 million
2. 1 million
3. 500,000

Question 5

How can you determine the ovarian reserve with blood tests?

Answer 5

1. FSH day 2-5 of cycle - if high = low reserve, if low = high reserve.
2. AMH at any time - high = good reserve

Question 6

What are the causes of anovulation?

Answer 6

1. PCOS - normal/high gonadotrophins
2. Hypothalamic amenorrhoea - low gonadotrophins
3. Hypothyroidism/hyperprolactinaemia

Question 7

What structural abnormalities can cause infertility in a female?

Answer 7

USS female pelvis:

1. Fibroids
2. Vaginal septum
3. Adhesions
4. Polyps

Question 8

What can reduce female tubal patency causing infertility and how is it visualised?

Answer 8

1. Scarred, blocked, distorted, absent
2. Commonly due to STIs causing PID
3. Hysterosalpingogram x-ray