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1
Q

Causes of hypovolemic hyponatremia

A
  • Diuretics, mineralocorticoid deficiency (no aldosterone to reabsorb salt/water), ACE inhibitors (affects RAAS)
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2
Q

What are institutional bylaws

A

Institutional rules that provide further qualifications/restrictions on role of healthcare staff (beyond national guidelines)

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3
Q

What are MRTs and function

A

Team assembled to deal with emergency situations (like RRT or institutional disasters

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4
Q

Inverse relationship of K+ and pH

A
  • Increase of pH by 0.1 = decrease in K+ by 0.6
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5
Q

Inverse relationship of Ca and pH

A
  • Acidemia increases ical, alkalemia decreases ical (alkalosis increases protein binding, which decreases ical
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6
Q

Hypercalcemia drug tx

A
  • Calcitonin or NS with loop diuretics
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7
Q

Stocking glove syndrome/paresthesia is a sign of

A
  • Respiratory alkalosis
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8
Q

Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis causes

A
  • Renal tubular acidosis, diarrhea, DKA recovery
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9
Q

Tx of metabolic alkalosis if IVF tx is contraindicated

A
  • Acetazolamide
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10
Q

VonWillebrand tx

A
  • DDAVP
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11
Q

ITP drug tx

A
  • High dose corticosteroids to elevate blood count, IVgamma globulin (preferred over steroids in HIV), maybe plt TF
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12
Q

Ddx ITP from SLE? (both have thrombocytopenia)

A
  • bone marrow aspiration
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13
Q

Mainstay tx of COPD

A
  • inhaled ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
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14
Q

Sx of sarcoidosis and drug tx

A
  • Velcro rales, nonproductive cough

- Corticosteroids

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15
Q

Heparin gtt rate for PE (and coumadin)

A
  • 80u/kg bolus then 18u/kg/hour for PTT 1.5-2 x normal, bridge coumadin to INR 2-3
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16
Q

CXR findings for viral pneumonia

A
  • Bilateral interstitial infiltrates
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17
Q

Iodine uptake in graves vs subacute thyroiditis

A
  • Graves: high ; subacute thyroiditis: low
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18
Q

Hyperthyroid drugs

A
  • Methimazole/tapazole and PTU
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19
Q

Med to avoid in thyroid storm

A
  • ASA
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20
Q

Skin symptoms in addisons

A
  • Hyperpigmentation in knuckles, diffuse tanning and freckles
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21
Q

Causes of SIADH

A
  • SAH, small cell lung cancer
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22
Q

Drug cause of DI

A
  • Lithium
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23
Q

Urine assay in pheochromocytoma

A
  • Catecholamines, metanephrines (>2.2), VMA (>5.5), and creatinine
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24
Q

Clotting in SLE – what lab?

A
  • Antiphospholipid antibodies (hypercoagulable)
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25
Q

Tx for giant cell arteritis

A
  • Prednisone
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26
Q

May thurner syndrome

A
  • Compression of L common iliac vein by overlying R common iliac artery ->DVT
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27
Q

Pericarditis EKG changes

A
  • STE in all leads and PR segment depression
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28
Q

Pericarditis drug tx

A
  • NSAIDs, corticosteroids only if NSAIDs fail
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29
Q

Dxs with night sweats in adults

A
  • Menopause, TB, HIV/AIDs, leukemia, endocarditis
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30
Q

Osler nodes

A
  • Red nodules in distal phalanges, endocarditis
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31
Q

Splinter hemorrhages

A
  • Linear, subungual splinter appearing, SLE
32
Q

Janeway lesions, seen when

A
  • Small, not painful macules on palms and soles (endocarditis, syphilis)
33
Q

What dxs causes lesions on palms and soles

A
  • Syphilis and endocarditis (Janeway lesions)
34
Q

Roth spots

A
  • Small retinal infarcts, white in color, encircled by areas of hemorrhages, endocarditis
35
Q

What might cause OHTN in elderly

A
  • Baroceptors become less sensitive

- Decreased cardiac reserve

36
Q

Top 5 killers in adults in US

A
  • CVD (CAD-MI), cancer, accidents, lower respiratory disease (asthma/COPD), stroke
37
Q

Single best predictor of functional impairment

A
  • Impaired cognition
38
Q

Pneumonic for MMSE

A
  • ORArL 2 3 R W D
39
Q

Amaurosis fugax

A
  • Ipsilateral monocular blindness
40
Q

Percentage of ischemic CVAs vs hemorrhagic

A
  • 80 percent ischemic
41
Q

Indication for CEA

A
  • > 70-80% stenosis in symptomatic patients
42
Q

3 Hs that increase risk for IICP

A
  • Hypotension, hypoxemia, hypercapnia
43
Q

Lab finding in MG

A
  • Acetylcholine receptor antibodies
44
Q

What dxs can cause stocking glove syndrome

A

Respiratory alkalosis, GB

45
Q

Kernig’s sign

A
  • Hamstring pain/spasm with neck flexion
46
Q

Brudinski’s sign

A
  • Flexion of head -> legs flex at hips and knees
47
Q

Battle’s sign

A
  • Bruising behind ear at mastoid process
48
Q

Racoon eyes

A
  • Basilar skull fx
49
Q

When are steroids used in SCI

A
  • Blunt trauma, not penetrating trauma
50
Q

Myerson’s sign is also what abnormal reflex?

A
  • Globellar reflex – tapping over nose bridge causes sustained blink response
51
Q

Dopamine agonists that mimic dopamine

A
  • Ropinorole, rotigotine, pramipexole
52
Q

MAOB inhibitors to prevent dopamine breakdown

A
  • Selegiline, rasagiline, safinamide
53
Q

3 med options for UTI

A
  • Macrobid (nitrofurantoin); Bactrim (TPX-SMX DS), or monurol (Fosfomycin)
54
Q

Avoid which abx in UTI if resistance > 20%

A
  • Bactrim (tpx-smx ds)
55
Q

3-drug regimen in kidney stones

A
  • Opioid, Toradol (NSAID), reglan
56
Q

BBW of reglan

A
  • Permanent tardive dyskinesia (extrapyramidal symptoms)
57
Q

3 principles of instruction

A
  • Mentoring/coaching, role modeling, counseling
58
Q

Single best predictor of health status

A
  • Health literacy
59
Q

Average reading level, and grade level health information should be written at

A
  • 8th grade, no higher than 6-8
60
Q

how can AGANCP be ready for future mass casualties

A

pre enroll in organizations

61
Q

Meaningful use

A

using EMR to improve healthcare, reduce disparities, engage pts/family, improve care coordination, maintain privacy

62
Q

General mental health assessment tool

A

Patient stress questionnaire

63
Q

Depression screening, how many sx, points

A

PHQ-9, 9, 0-3 ( 3 = almost every day), 0-27 points (q4 minimal, mild, mod, mod/severe, severe)

64
Q

anxiety screening tool, score for mild/mod/severe and GAD

A

GAD-7, 5-9 = mild, +4… GAD = equal or greater than 10

65
Q

Positive CAGE score

A

2 or more

66
Q

When to use BPI pain screening tool

A

Survey for pain from chronic diseases - severity, impact on ADLs

67
Q

Four features of CAM-ICU, assessment of ?; frequency of assessment

A

acute onset of MS changes, inattention, disorganized thinking, altered LOC; delirium; q day of shift

68
Q

Geriatric assessment tool for dementia/delirium

A

MMSE

69
Q

Clock drawing test assesses for? scoring

A

Score 1-6, equal to or greater than 3 = cognitive deficit

70
Q

Depression assessment tool for geriatric, score that suggests depression

A

Geriatric depression scale 5/15 = suggests depression

71
Q

ADL functional assessment for geriatric; # of functions

A

Index of independence in ADL (Katz index of ADL); bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, continence, feeding

72
Q

Gait and immobility/fall risk tool; scoring for risk of fall

A

Get up and go test; 3/5 indicates risk of falling (normal to severely abnormal)

73
Q

Pain assessment tool in geriatrics; # of behaviors observed

A

Pain assessment in advanced dementia scale; 5: breathing, negative vocalization, facial expression, body language, consolability (0-2 each, 10 total)

74
Q

Life expectancy of DME

A

3 years

75
Q

Purpose of assistive devices

A

maintain improve function and independence

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