3.2.3.1 Psychological factors that can influence an individual in physical activities. 3.2.3.1.11 Attribution Flashcards
attribution theory
theory identifies reasons we give for a sporting outcome
reasons we believe contributed to success/failure
Weiner’s 1971 attribution model
(dimensions)
3 locus
not sport specific, best way to understand performance
- Locus of stability
- Locus of controllability
- Locus of causality
locus of stability
permanent
stable & consistent doesn’t change over time
or unstable and changeable over time
locus of controllability
attribution is under control of the performer or other or whether they are uncontrollable
locus of causality
attribution is internal/influenced by performer or external/influenced by environment
diagram for Weiner’s model
x-axis Locus of causality
internal(win) and external (lose)
y-axis Locus of stability
stable and unstable
internal stable = ability (uncontrollable)
external stable = task difficulty (controllable)
internal unstable = effort (controllable)
external unstable = luck (uncontrollable)
Self serving bias (SSB)
attribute to guard or boost confidence
failure = external factors
success = internal factors
global or state specific
performers belief that the attributions given for success and failure cant change and always stays
4 characteristics of mastery orientation (MO)
1-high confidence,
2-belief in ability,
3-success = repeated,
4-failure is temporary/changeable (external e.g. effort)
belief eventually achieve/persist even with failure
high achievers SSB towards failure - external factors
learned helplessness (LH)
- failure = inevitable = no control = avoidance (global or state -> activity specific)
- opposite to SSB
- attribute failure internally stable reasons e.g. ability
- low self confidence (past failings) or unrealistic goals
- NAF performers
- confidence reduce expectation of future achievement (success = luck)
attribution retraining
over come learned helplessness change reasons for failure LH -> MO -stay away from ability (issues) 1st stage = failure is due to difficulty of task/luck 2nd stage = failure is due to effort
best attributions for winning
attribute reason for winning:
internally to ability and effort
best attributions for failure
attribute reason for failure:
externally (self serving bias) = self efficacy/esteem increase
6 characteristics of learned helplessness
- NAF (or TAF tendency to avoid failure)
- give up easily/avoid challenge
- outcome goals
- low self efficacy
- loafing
- negative attitude
attributions with learned helplessness
success = external failure = internal
attribution definition
an explanation of the cause for success or failure
reasons we give for sporting outcome