3.2.3.1 Psychological factors that can influence an individual in physical activities. 3.2.3.1.11 Attribution Flashcards

1
Q

attribution theory

A

theory identifies reasons we give for a sporting outcome

reasons we believe contributed to success/failure

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2
Q

Weiner’s 1971 attribution model
(dimensions)
3 locus

A

not sport specific, best way to understand performance

  1. Locus of stability
  2. Locus of controllability
  3. Locus of causality
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3
Q

locus of stability

A

permanent
stable & consistent doesn’t change over time
or unstable and changeable over time

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4
Q

locus of controllability

A

attribution is under control of the performer or other or whether they are uncontrollable

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5
Q

locus of causality

A

attribution is internal/influenced by performer or external/influenced by environment

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6
Q

diagram for Weiner’s model

A

x-axis Locus of causality
internal(win) and external (lose)

y-axis Locus of stability
stable and unstable

internal stable = ability (uncontrollable)
external stable = task difficulty (controllable)
internal unstable = effort (controllable)
external unstable = luck (uncontrollable)

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7
Q

Self serving bias (SSB)

A

attribute to guard or boost confidence
failure = external factors
success = internal factors

global or state specific
performers belief that the attributions given for success and failure cant change and always stays

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8
Q

4 characteristics of mastery orientation (MO)

A

1-high confidence,
2-belief in ability,
3-success = repeated,
4-failure is temporary/changeable (external e.g. effort)
belief eventually achieve/persist even with failure

high achievers SSB towards failure - external factors

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9
Q

learned helplessness (LH)

A
  • failure = inevitable = no control = avoidance (global or state -> activity specific)
  • opposite to SSB
  • attribute failure internally stable reasons e.g. ability
  • low self confidence (past failings) or unrealistic goals
  • NAF performers
  • confidence reduce expectation of future achievement (success = luck)
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10
Q

attribution retraining

A
over come learned helplessness 
change reasons for failure LH -> MO 
-stay away from ability (issues) 
1st stage = failure is due to difficulty of task/luck 
2nd stage = failure is due to effort
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11
Q

best attributions for winning

A

attribute reason for winning:

internally to ability and effort

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12
Q

best attributions for failure

A

attribute reason for failure:

externally (self serving bias) = self efficacy/esteem increase

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13
Q

6 characteristics of learned helplessness

A
  1. NAF (or TAF tendency to avoid failure)
  2. give up easily/avoid challenge
  3. outcome goals
  4. low self efficacy
  5. loafing
  6. negative attitude
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14
Q

attributions with learned helplessness

A
success = external 
failure = internal
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15
Q

attribution definition

A

an explanation of the cause for success or failure

reasons we give for sporting outcome

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16
Q

aid attribution retraining/ correct attributions

7 ways of attribution retraining

A
  1. process goals
  2. coach = raise performers confidence
  3. triadic model (attitudes)
  4. cognitive dissonance
  5. persuasive communication
  6. mental rehearsal
  7. prepare well = attribute accurately
17
Q

attribution retraining

A

changing the reasons given for success and failure

saying failure is for external reasons = increase confidence = MO

18
Q

5 methods to overcome learned helplessness

A

(linked to confidence)

  1. set achievable goals
  2. point out past success
  3. demonstrations within performers capability
  4. somatic/cognitive stress management techniques
  5. encouragement and praise
19
Q

process of learned helplessness

A

low achievers
SSB -> failure = internal
lose confidence & less future achievement expectation
= LH

20
Q

process of mastery orientation

A

high achievers
SSB -> failure = external
persistent and confidence
= MO

21
Q

learned helplessness definition

A

belief failure is inevitable and no control of factors that cause failure

22
Q

mastery orientation definition

A

belief eventually achieve and persist even with failure

23
Q

self serving bias definition

A

performers belief that attributions give for success/failure cant change (stay the same)