Aerobic Respiration Flashcards
Where does glycolysis take place?
In the cytoplasm
Describe the process of glycolysis? (7)
- Phosphorylation turns 2ATP into 2ADP ad 2Pi
- Phosphate groups join the glucose and form hexose bisphosphate
- Hexose bisphosphate is unstable so lysis takes place and forms Triose Phosphate
- Phosphorylation - two more pi groups join and form Triose Bisphosphate
- Dehydrogenation reduces 2 NAD to NADH
- Substrate level phosphorylation forms 4 ATP
- 2 Pyruvate formed per glucose
What products are formed in Glycolysis per glucose molecule? (3)
- 2 ATP
- 2 NADH
- 2 Pyruvate
Describe the Link reaction? (5)
- Pyruvate enters mitochondrial matrix
- Decarboxylation produces one CO2 and one NADH
- Acetyl group produced
- Coenzyme A binds to Acetyl group to for Acetyl coenzyme A
- Happens 2 times per glucose molecule
Describe the Krebs Cycle? (5)
- Coenzyme A unbinds from Acetyl group
- Acetyl group turns into citric acid
- Decarboxylation - Produce CO2 and NADH and 5 carbon molecule
- Decarboxylation again to from 4 carbon molecule and CO2 and NADH
- Decarboxylation and dehydrogenation to produce Oxaloacetate - also produces ATP, NADH and FADH2
What is produced in the krebs cycle per glucose? (4)
- 4Co2
- 2ATP
- 6NADH
- 2FADH2
How much ATP produced per glucose in the whole of respiration?
38
Why may there be less yield of ATP?
- Some hydrogens leak across the mitochondrial matrix
- Some ATP is used to transport pyruvate into the mitochondria
- Some ATP used to bring hydrogen from NADH made during glycolysis from cytoplasm into mitochondria
What is chemiosmosis?
The movement of H+ down an electrochemical gradient
Describe the process of oxidative phosphorylation? (5)
- NADH and FADH2 release H+ into the matrix and e- into the electron transfer chain
- Electron carrier proteins pump H+ into the intermembrane space and increases the conc. of H+ in the intermembrane space
- ATP synthase pumps H+ to the matrix, also forming ATP
- The H+ and the e- bond to oxygen, forming H2O
- OXYGEN IS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR
How much ATP do NADH and FADH2 produce?
NADH -> 3ATP
FADH2 -> 2ATP
What is respiration?
A multi-step pathway, where carbon-hydrogen bonds in glucose are broken and electrons released are used in synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis
What is the role of cristae?
Increase SA for oxidative phosphorylation
What are the differences between NAD and FAD? (3)
- NAD takes part in all parts of respiration while FAD only in krebs cycle
- NAD accepts 1 H while FAD accepts 2 H
- NAD is oxidised at the start of electron transport chain, while FAD is oxidised further along the chain
