Atomic structure and periodic table

Question 1

What is the difference between an atoms/elements and compound?

Answer 1

An atom is the smallest part of an element
An element is a substance that only contains one sort of atom
A compound contains two or more elements

Question 2

What is a mixture?

Answer 2

Mixtures consist of 2 or more elements or compounds which is not chemically combined

Question 3

What the difference between simple distillation and Fractional distillation?

Answer 3

SIMPLE DISTALATION-Obtain a solvent from a solution

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION-separate mixtures in which the components have different boiling points

Question 4

Models of the atom

Answer 4

pre 1900-tiny solid sphere that could not be divided

Plum pudding-a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

Question 5

What was Ruthford’s gold foil experiment?

Answer 5

Most alpha particles passed through
few were deflected by the positive nuclease
Tiny number of particles reflected back from the nucleus

Question 6

What is an isotopes?

Answer 6

IONS-metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions

non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions

Question 7

How did Mendeleev develop the periodic table?

Answer 7

columns-groups
MENDELEEV-he left gaps for elements that had not been discovered, he predicted elements by the existence of elements and their properties

Question 8

What are the properties of the nobles gases

(group 0)?

Answer 8

full outer shell of electrons
unreactive to non-metal due to a full outer shell
boiling points increase down the group

Question 9

What are the properties of an alkali metal (group 1)

Answer 9

1 electron in their outermost shell
soft metals, low density
low melting and boiling points decrease down the group
moving down the group the outer electron is less attracted to the nuclease and easier to lose

Question 10

what is the structure of group 7?

Answer 10

non-metals
7 electrons in their outer shell
form molecules with 2 atoms joined by a covalent bond

Question 11

What are the properties of transitions metals?

Answer 11

form coloured compounds
ions with different charges
can be used as catalyst
good conductors of heat and electricity and can easily be shaped
hard , strong metals 
high melting points
high density

Question 12

What is the difference between crystallisation and filtration?

Answer 12

FILTERATION-separate soluble solids from insoluble solids

CRYSTALIASATION-obtain a soluble solid from a solution

Question 13

What separation technique is used to separate colours?

Answer 13

CHROMOTOGRAPHY-separate different soluble coloured components of a mixture

Question 14

What is the difference between nuclear model and Bohr model?

Answer 14

Nuclear model-Positively charge nuclease at the centre surrounded negative electrons
Bohr model-Electrons orbit the nuclease at specific distances

Question 15

What is an isotope?

Answer 15

same number of protons different number of neutrons

Question 16

How did John Newland arrange the periodic table?

Answer 16

arranged in order of increasing atomic weights but following this created issues it meant some elements were in the wrong place

Question 17

What happens when group 1 react with water?

Answer 17

become more reactive when going down the group
stored under oil because they react vigorously with oxygen and water
when reacted with water metal hydroxide is formed ,hydrogen gas is given off

Question 18

What happens when group1 react with chlorine?

Answer 18

react with chlorine

lose they outer electron when reacted and form a positive ion

Question 19

What are the properties of group 7?

Answer 19

Melting and boiling point increase when going down the group

reactivity decreases down the group

Question 20

What do halogens react with?

Answer 20

halogens react with metals to produce an ionic salt

halogen gain an electron making it an ion with a negative charge

Question 21

What bonds are formed in group 7?

Answer 21

form covalent compounds when they react with non-metals and ionic bonds when reacting with metals