1. Neuros an Glia

Question 1

Phrenology

Answer 1

The idea that personality traits could be read based on bumps on your skull (prevalent in 19th century)

Question 2

Brodmann’s areas

Answer 2

52 areas divided based on cell types since 1903

Question 3

Name all finally developed sections of the brain

Answer 3

Medulla, ponds, cerebellum (hindbrain), midbrain, diencephalon and telencephalon (forebrain)

Question 4

metencephalon

Answer 4

ponds and cerebellum

Question 5

myelencephalon

Answer 5

medulla

Question 6

prosencephalon

Answer 6

diencephalon and telencephalon

Question 7

Explain the ventricular system

Answer 7

Consists of the lateral ventricle (big ones in the middle), drains through the foramen of monroe into the 3rd ventricle in the diencephalon and drains into the 4th ventricle (between ponds/medulla and cerebellum) through the cerebral aqueduct

Question 8

Gyrencephalic versus lissencephalic Brain

Answer 8

Wrinkled versus smooth brain

Question 9

Evolution of the human brain

Answer 9

Overall we see a decrease in the size of the olfactory system and an increase in the size of the PFC and the temporal lobes

Question 10

Important structures in the Development of the Nervous Systemin Vertebrates

Answer 10

The notochord, the neural tube (becomes the CNS) and the neural crest (becomes the PNS)

Question 11

First neuronal cell type in development

Answer 11

Radial glia, but divides into Cajal-Retzius cells

Question 12

Melanocytes

Answer 12

Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells. Could be at the root for skin-related tumors

Question 13

Neuron-type you can’t find in the mammalian nervous system

Answer 13

uni-polar neurons

Question 14

bi-polar cells can be found

Answer 14

e.g. in the retina

Question 15

Neuron-type you can’t find in the mammalian nervous system

Answer 15

uni-polar neurons

Question 16

bi-polar cells can be found

Answer 16

e.g. in the retina

Question 17

pseudo-unipolar cells can be found

Answer 17

as sensory neurons forming the dorsal root ganglion

Question 18

types of neurons

Answer 18

uni-polar, bi-polar, pseudo-unipolar, motor, pyramidal, purkinje

Question 19

range of an action potential

Answer 19

~-60 to 40