Workbook 1

Question 1

Diagram a cross-sectional representation of the adult spinal cord. Draw an afferent
sensory neuron entering the dorsal root, and an efferent motor neuron exiting the
ventral root. Label the gray and white matter.

Answer 1

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Question 2

Draw a pseudounipolar neuron. Label the axon, cell body, and dendrites.

Answer 2

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Question 3

Sketch a lateral view of the brain. Identify/label the following: frontal lobe, parietal
lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, cerebellum, precentral sulcus, lateral fissure,
precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, calcarine fissure

Answer 3

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Question 4

Draw a cross-section of spinal cord. Identify/label the following: spinothalamic tract,
dorsal column, corticospinal tract, anterior fissure, anterior spinal artery, posterior
spinal arteries

Answer 4

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Question 5

Draw out the spinothalamic tract (STT). Identify the first, second and third order
neurons; the decussation location; and termination location of the tract.
a. What modality does this tract convey?
b. State the consequences of damage to this tract
i. Rostral to the decussation
ii. At the decussation
iii. Caudal to the decussation

Answer 5

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Question 6

Draw out the dorsal column- medial lemniscus tract (DCML). Identify the first, second
and third order neurons; the decussation location; and termination location of the tract.
a. What modality does this tract convey?
b. State the consequences of damage to this tract
i. Rostral to the decussation
ii. At the decussation
iii. Caudal to the decussation

Answer 6

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Question 7

Draw out the corticospinal tract (CST). Identify the upper and lower motor neurons; the
decussation location; and termination location of the tract.
a. What modality does this tract convey?
b. State the consequences of damage to this tract
i. Rostral to the decussation
ii. At the decussation
iii. Caudal to the decussation

Answer 7

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Question 8

Diagram a simple monosynaptic reflex. Identify receptor, afferent, efferent and effector.

Answer 8

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Question 9

Describe and diagram a polysynaptic reflex and provide an example.

Answer 9

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Question 10

Match the component to its best description.

1. Receptor
2. Primary afferent
3. Prethalamic relay
4. Thalamic relay
5. Cerebral cortex
   a. Relays from PNS to CNS
   b. Responds to adequate stimulus
   c. Termination location of conscious somatosensory information
   d. Decussating fiber
   e. Third-order neuron

Answer 10

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Question 11

Match the receptor type with its functional role.

1. Mechanoreceptors
2. Thermoreceptors
3. Nociceptors
4. Chemoreceptors
5. Proprioceptors
   a. Mediate sensations of joint movement and position of the body
   b. Respond to tissue-damaging stimuli
   c. Respond to content in blood and saliva
   d. Respond to physical deformation
   e. Respond to temperature gradients on the skin

Answer 11

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Question 12

Match the term to its best descriptor.

1. Neurogenic atrophy
2. Fasciculations
3. Fibrillations
4. Paralysis
5. Paresis
   a. Loss of muscle fibers
   b. Visible twitching of a motor unit
   c. Complete motor weakness
   d. Spontaneous contraction of single muscle fibers
   e. Partial motor weakness

Answer 12

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Question 13

Match the reflex component to its functional role.

1. Receptor
2. Afferent fiber
3. Reflex center
4. Efferent fiber
5. Effector
   a. Conducts information to the CNS
   b. Produces a response
   c. Conducts the response to the periphery
   d. Integrates inputs
   e. Receives the environmental stimulus

Answer 13

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Question 14

Match each tract with the functional role it mediates.

1. Corticospinal
2. Dorsal column
3. Spinothalamic
4. Spinocerebellar
5. Spinospinal
   a. Conscious awareness of nociceptive (painful) stimuli and temperature
   b. Conscious awareness of discriminative somatic sensation
   c. Integrates activity across multiple spinal cord segments
   d. Voluntary control of skeletal muscle
   e. Afferent information for motor control and intended movement

Answer 14

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Question 15

Match the thalamic nuclei with its primary function.

1. MGB
2. LGB
3. VA/VL
4. VPM
5. VPL
   a. Relay of visual inputs from the optic tract
   b. Relay of somatosensory inputs from the body
   c. Relay of motor inputs from basal ganglia and cerebellum
   d. Relay of somatosensory inputs from the face and head
   e. Relay of auditory inputs from the inferior colliculus

Answer 15

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Question 16

Match the Brodmann’s number to the appropriate cortical area.

1. 4
2. 3, 1, 2
3. 17
4. 5, 7
5. 41
   a. Primary somatosensory
   b. Primary auditory
   c. Primary visual
   d. Primary motor
   e. Somatosensory association

Answer 16

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Question 17

Your patient is a 27-year-old who had an acute episode of blurry vision, fatigue, and
numbness/tingling in their body. They went to their PCP and was diagnosed with
multiple sclerosis (MS).
a. Which glial cell myelinates the CNS?
b. How does a demyelinating disorder alter nerve conduction?
c. How does temperature affect symptoms of MS?

Answer 17

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Question 18

Your patient is a 52-year-old individual who has been admitted to the ED for headache,
confusion, sudden weakness of their left arm, and left facial drooping. Medical history
HTN, DM, and anxiety. Patient is on several prescribed medications/supplements:
furosemide, metformin, multi-vitamin, and Effexor. They were diagnosed and treated
for ischemic stroke in the ED and admitted to the hospital.
a. Identify common indications for the prescribed medications.
b. Given the symptoms, what side of the brain did the stroke occur?
c. What primary vessel do you think is involved?

Answer 18

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