107

Question 1

An elevated blood level of the amino acid homocysteine is believed to indicate a high risk for coronary artery disease True or False

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The S1 heart sound results from the closure of the (blank) and tricuspid valves.

Answer 2

Mitral

Question 3

(blank) changes are recommended to lower cholesterol levels.

Answer 3

Lifestyle

Question 4

Orthostatic hypotension is a sustained decrease of at least 10mm Hg in systolic BP or 20 mm Hg in diastolic BP within 3 minutes of moving from lying or sitting to a standing position True or False

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Turbulent blood flow caused by a narrowed or malfunctioning valve is called a (blank) which can be heard during auscultation of the heart.

Answer 5

Murmur

Question 6

During diastole the tricuspid and mitral valve are open allowing the blood in the aorta to flow freely into the relaxed ventricles. True or False

Answer 6

True

Question 7

The apical impulse formerly called the point of maximum impulse is normally palpable at the intersection of the mid clavicular line of the left chest and at the (blank) intercostal space

Answer 7

Fifth

Question 8

The patient undergoing nuclear imaging techniques with stress testing should be instructed not to eat or drink anything for at least 12hrs before the test

Answer 8

False

Question 9

The sinoatrial node with an inherent firing rate of 60-100 impulses/min is considered the primary pacemaker of the heart True or False

Answer 9

True

Question 10

During (blank) systole, contraction of the papillary muscles causes the chordae tendineae to become taut keeping the valve leaflets approximated and closed

Answer 10

Ventricular

Question 11

Electrical activation of cell caused by influx of sodium into cell while potassium exists cell

Answer 11

Depolarization

Question 12

Return of cell to resting state caused by re-entry of potassium into cell while sodium exits

Answer 12

Repolarization

Question 13

Phase in which cells are incapable of depolarizing

Answer 13

Effective Refractory

Question 14

Phase in which cells require stronger than normal stimulus to depolarize

Answer 14

Relative Refractory

Question 15

Percent of end diastolic volume ejected with each heartbeat (left Ventricle)

Answer 15

Ejection Fraction 55-65%

Question 16

Amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in liters per minute

Answer 16

Cardiac output

C0 = SV x HR

Question 17

Amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat

Answer 17

Stroke Volume

Question 18

Degree of stretch of cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole

Answer 18

Preload

Question 19

Resistance to ejection of blood from ventricle

Answer 19

Afterload

Question 20

Ability of cardiac muscle to shorten in response to electrical impulses

Answer 20

Contractility

Question 21

Which client's medical history predisposes the client to developing problems with afterload? Select all
Hypertension
Diabetes
Aortic Stenosis
Glaucoma
Raynaud's syndrome

Answer 21

Hypertension
Diabetes
Aortic Stenosis

Question 22

Which information would be most helpful when evaluating a client with suspected atherosclerosis? Select all that apply.
Ankle-brachial index 
C Reactive protein levels
Electrocardiogram
Blood Cholesterol
Braden scale

Answer 22

Ankle-brachial index
C Reactive protein levels
Electrocardiogram
Blood Cholesterol

Question 23

Which is a characteristic of arterial insufficiency?

Diminished or absent pulses
Aching, cramping pain
Pulses are present but may be difficult to palpate
Superficial ulcer

Answer 23

Diminished or absent pulses

Question 24

A home health nurse is seeing an elderly male client for the first time. During the physical assessment of the skin on the lower legs, the nurse notes edema, brown pigmentation in the gaiter area, pedal pulses, and a few irregularly shaped ulcers around the ankles. From these findings, the nurse knows that the client has a problem with peripheral circulation. Which of the following does the nurse suspect?

Neither venous nor arterial insufficiency Arterial insufficiency
Trauma
Venous insufficiency

Answer 24

Venous insufficiency

Question 25

A nurse is caring for a client following an arterial vascular bypass graft in the leg. What should the nurse plan to assess over the next 24 hours?

Blood pressure every 2 hours
Color of the leg every 4 hours
Peripheral pulses every 15 minutes after surgery
Ankle-arm indices every 12 hours

Answer 25

Peripheral pulses every 15mins after surgery

Question 26

Which class of medication lyses and dissolves thrombi?

Platelet inhibitors
Anticoagulant
Fibrinolytic
Factor XA inhibitors

Answer 26

Fibrinolytic

Question 27

The nurse is caring for a client with Raynaud’s disease. What are important instructions for a client who is diagnosed with this disease to prevent an attack?

Avoid situations that contribute to ischemic episodes.
Report changes in the usual pattern of chest pain.
Take over-the-counter decongestants. Avoid fatty foods and exercise.

Answer 27

Avoid situations that contribute to ischemic episodes.

Question 28

A client has been diagnosed with Raynaud’s disease. Which self-care strategies minimize risks associated with this disease? Select all that apply.

Limit activities that place stress on the ulnar nerve.
Wear gloves to protect hands from injury when performing tasks.
Do not smoke or stop smoking.
Avoid over-the-counter decongestants and cold remedies.

Answer 28

Wear gloves to protect hands from injury when performing tasks.
Do not smoke or stop smoking.
Avoid over-the-counter decongestants and cold remedies.