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ANTHROPOLOGY > 1.08 - 1.29 > Flashcards

1.08 - 1.29 Flashcards

1
Q

Different symbol/language or tradition based cultures within larger cultures.

A

Sub-cultures

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2
Q

The tendency to view one’s culture as superior to another.

A

Ethnocentrism

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3
Q

Extends from one national boundary to another. Transmitted through diffusion because culture is learned and shared.

A

International Culture

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4
Q

Opposing ethnocentrism is the idea that culture should not be judged by the standards of others.

A

Cultural Relativism

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5
Q

Spread of ideas, customs, or practices from one culture to another.

A

Diffusion

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6
Q

Massive cultural change that can occur in a society when it comes into contact with a more powerful society can be forced.

A

Acculturation

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7
Q

Violent eradication of an ethnic group identity.

A

Ethnocide

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8
Q

When faced with a problem or challenge people in a society may need to change something to develop a solution.

A

Independent Invention

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9
Q

A way to continue a cultural way of life – may be passed on from generation to generation despite change.

A

Tradition

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10
Q

A way of blending indigenous and foreign beliefs often in the face of a society that has undergone acculturation.

A

Syncretism

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11
Q

Signs, emblems, or anything that represents something meaningful but in arbitrary ways.
-Holy water, McDonalds golden arches, Country flag

A

Symbols

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12
Q

Focused on individual success.

A

Individualistic

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13
Q

Process through which a person learns his/her own culture.

A

Enculturation

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14
Q

Set of beliefs, traditions, rituals, laws, customs, and any other habitats that are shared by members of a particular society.

A

Culture

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15
Q

Group of interdependent people who share language, territory, culture.

A

Society

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16
Q

Refers to what people say they should do.

A

Ideal Culture

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17
Q

Embodies the beliefs, learned behaviors and values shared by citizens of the same nation.

A

National Culture

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18
Q

The basic needs that holds the particular society together.

-Includes: economics, subsistence, tools, work, shelter, food

A

Infrastructure

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19
Q

Concerns the rule governed relationships that hold the particular society together.
-Includes: households, families, politics, powers relations, individual rights and obligations.

A

Social Structure

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20
Q

Collective body of ideas, beliefs and values by which a group of people make sense of the world.
-Includes: religion, other cultural systems, earth and how everything else relates to that particular group.

A

Superstructure

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21
Q

Refers to the actual behavior of people that maybe observed.

-Similar to the Etic-Emic approach

A

Real Culture

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22
Q

Teach and research in their field of interest. They use school, university, government funded grants.
-Books, TV

A

Academic Anthropology

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23
Q

Use the research that others may publish and take that knowledge to accomplish tasks in an everyday world.
-museums, police, medical schools

A

Applied Anthropology

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24
Q

NOT AN ARCHEOLOGIST

Study fossilized organisms including dinosaurs.

A

Paleontologist

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25
Q

Focus is mainly on the great lakes region.

A

Great Lakes

26
Q

Work is focused on lost villages under water.

A

Underwater

27
Q

More recent study of people who have left behind written records.

A

Historical Archeology

28
Q

Work in the field, researching various groups of people focusing on their culture.

A

Ethnologist

29
Q

Same research but focus more on a particular cultures history and how it changed over time.

A

Ethnohistorian

30
Q

Actual data report that is created.

A

Endography

31
Q

Analyze the data collected by the above in order to compare data to other cultures around the world.

A

Cross-cultural Researcher

32
Q

The study of poetry and how it relates to experiences of people.

A

Ethnopoetics

33
Q

The study of musical traditions in societies.

A

Ethnomusicology

34
Q

How languages are used by a culture.

A

Socio-linguistic

35
Q

How languages are formed. What makes a sound, how do they come together.

A

Descriptive Linguistic

36
Q

How languages change over time.

A

Historical Linguistic

37
Q

Study of primate evolution and behavior. Research is often focused towards human behavior.

A

Primatology

38
Q

Study of Evolution. Rely mostly on fossil remains.

A

Human Paleoanthropology

39
Q

Study of skeletal remains to create a biological profile used within the medical/legal field.
-Example: to identify… a body, age/sex, how they died, trauma

A

Forensic Anthropology

40
Q

Material cultures tools, left behind.

A

Archaeology Anthropology

41
Q

Cultural cultures from all around the world.

A

Cultural Anthropology

42
Q

Languages, differences

A

Linguistic Anthropology

43
Q

Four Subfields

A
  • Physical
  • Linguistic
  • Cultural
  • Archaeology
44
Q

Genetics, evolution, ancient skeletons.

A

Physical Anthropology

45
Q

The study of humans.

human origins, evolution, culture, language, history

A

Anthropology

46
Q

Investigate how local people think. How do the natives perceive and categorize the world and themselves?

A

Emic Approach

47
Q

More scientific approach shifts focus from the local observations to those of the anthropologist. How does the anthropologist perceive the way these people categorize themselves?

A

Etic Approach

48
Q

Understand the culture (gender, age, skin color, ideologies, etc.)

A

Acceptance

49
Q

Need to constantly be talking to people in community and may require learning a new language

A

Conversation and Interviewing

50
Q

Understanding how people in community are related

A

Genealogical Method

51
Q

Interview one person whom stands apart

A

Life Histories

52
Q

A geographical survey of the area. Interest is in how the and is owned and occupied.

A

Mapping

53
Q

How does community perceive categorize itself?

A

Local Beliefs and Perceptions

54
Q

Government and local authorities might be contacted. Also known as political.

A

Problem Oriented Ethnography

55
Q

Long term study on a particular society

A

Longitudinal Research

56
Q

Several groups of researchers may study the same group

A

Term Research

57
Q

An instructed, open-ended conversation in everyday life

A

Informal Interviewing

58
Q

A structured question/answer session carefully notated as it occurs and based on prepared questions

A

Formal Interviewing

59
Q

Understanding how cultures are changing and assimilating in a globalized world

A

Acculturation Studies

60
Q

Study of several groups of people and sub-cultures that are found within a larger culture

A

Multi-Sited

61
Q

A theoretical approach stressing the primacy of superstructure in cultural research and analysis

A

Idealist

62
Q

A theoretical approach stressing the primacy of infastructure (material conditions) incultural research and analysis

A

Materialist

ANTHROPOLOGY (3 decks)

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