patient safety

Question 1

what does DRSABC stand for?

Answer 1

danger, response, shout, airway, breathing, circulation

Question 2

what changes are there for covid?

Answer 2

DRSBC - do not go near the airway

Question 3

how do you check for breathing and circulation in covid?

Answer 3

stay clear of airway, hand on chest and palpate carotid pulse simultaneously for 10 sec

Question 4

what is atonal breathing?

Answer 4

infrequent noise gasps - not normal

Question 5

what information do you give when dialling 999 for a cardiac arrest?

Answer 5

cardiac arrest, not breathing, location, contact number, covid status

Question 6

what is the rate of compressions?

Answer 6

100-120bpm

Question 7

how deep should you compress the sternum in an adult?

Answer 7

5-6cm

Question 8

how do you prepare patient for AED?

Answer 8

dry area, shave area, cut clothing

Question 9

how far away should AED be during AED use?

Answer 9

a meter

Question 10

when can you intervene with airway and ventilate during covid?

Answer 10

when you have on full AGP PPE

Question 11

how much O2 is delivered per minute?

Answer 11

15L of 100% O2

Question 12

how do you insert an oropharyngeal airway?

Answer 12

insert upside down then rotate 180 degrees

Question 13

where are defies in GDHS

Answer 13

level 1,3,4,6,7

Question 14

what is the ration of chest compressions to breaths?

Answer 14

30:2

Question 15

what are the shockable rhythms?

Answer 15

ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, VF and VT

Question 16

how many volts is a AED?

Answer 16

4800V

Question 17

name the 6 links of the chain of infection

Answer 17

infectious agent, resevoirs, portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

Question 18

what does virulence mean?

Answer 18

the ability of the microbe to cause disease

Question 19

what does microbe dose mean?

Answer 19

the number of microbes entering the body

Question 20

what is the ID50?

Answer 20

infectious dose 50 - the dose required for infectious organism to cause infection in 50% of subjects

Question 21

what are some examples of virulence factors?

Answer 21

exotoxins (s.aureus and p.gingivalis)

endotoxins (lipopolysacharide e coli)

Question 22

where can pathogens originate?

Answer 22

humans, animals, environment and fomites (contaminated surfaces)

Question 23

what is the incubation period?

Answer 23

time between contamination and development of symptoms

Question 24

what is an example of natural portal of exit?

Answer 24

coughing and sneezing

Question 25

explain the R number

Answer 25

R<0 the infection will die out | R>0 infection will spread

Question 26

what factors affect R number?

Answer 26

duration of infectivity infectiousness number of susceptible people

Question 27

how can dentistry mitigate aerosol spread of infection?

Answer 27

use of rubber dam high volume aspiration surgery ventilation

Question 28

examples of portal of entry

Answer 28

respiratory tract, GI tract, surgical/open wound, sexual contact, sharps injury

Question 29

examples of susceptible hosts

Answer 29

underdeveloped immune system (neonate), declining immune system (elderly), disease or drugs affecting host defences, chronic med conditions and pregnancy

Question 30

what is the Spaulding classification of critical?

Answer 30

Items in contact with/penetrate normally sterile sites or mucous membranes e.g. forceps, perio scaler, burs, scalpels

Question 31

what is the Spaulding classification of semi-critical?

Answer 31

items in contact with intact mucosal membrane e.g. handpiece, 3 in 1, mirror

Question 32

what is the Spaulding classification of non critical?

Answer 32

items in contact with intact skin e.g. light cure, x ray heads

Question 33

what is the Spaulding classification of minimal risk?

Answer 33

items not normally in contact with intact skin e.g. dental chair

Question 34

what is detergent?

Answer 34

synthetic organic water soluble agents which have wetting agent, emulsifying and soil holding properties

Question 35

what are the 5 moments for hand hygiene?

Answer 35

``` before touching a patient after touching a patient after body fluid exposure risk before clean/septic procedure after touching patient surroundings ```

Question 36

what are the blood borne viruses?

Answer 36

hep B hep C HIV

Question 37

what is a significant exposure?

Answer 37

exposures/sharps injuries involving a patient infected with a BBV

Question 38

what is the chance of acquiring BBV after contaminated sharps injury?

Answer 38

HBV - 1 in 3 HCV - 1 in 30 HIV - 1 in 300

Question 39

what do you do when you get a sharps injury

Answer 39

``` A apply pressure and allow to bleed W wash don't scrub A assess injury type R risk of source blood E establish contact - call occupational health ```