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ANATOMY Section 4 Part 2 > 10a – Blood Vessels in the Head > Flashcards

10a – Blood Vessels in the Head Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomical knowledge of blood vessels and lymph NODES important for?

A

-clinical exam
-surgery
-NECROPSY
-MEAT inspection

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2
Q

Arterial sources of blood to head:

A

-common carotid artery
-vertebral artery
-ventral spinal artery

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3
Q

Common carotid artery:

A

-main source of blood to head, face and brain
-ascends on each side of TRACHEA (may help reduce T)
-no major branches given off until close to head

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4
Q

Vertebral artery:

A

-source of blood to brain
-passes thru TRANSVERSE foramina/canal of cervical vertebrae
-forms anastomoses with ventral spinal artery
-enters vertebral canal within atlas

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5
Q

Ventral spinal artery:

A

-source of blood to brain
-small artery ventral to spinal cord
-receives anastomoses from vertebral artery
-continues into cranial cavity as BASILAR artery

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6
Q

Common carotid artery branches:

A

-internal carotid a.
-external carotid a.

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7
Q

Internal carotid a.

A

-to most of brain in most species
-carotid SINUS and body at its base

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8
Q

Carotid body has:

A

-chemoreceptors

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9
Q

Carotid sinus has:

A

-baroreceptors

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10
Q

External carotid a. branches:

A

-occipital
-lingual
-facial
-superficial temporal
-maxillary

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11
Q

Occipital a. goes to:

A

-middle and inner ear
-meninges
-INDIRECTLY to brain

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12
Q

Lingual a. goes to:

A

-tongue

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13
Q

Facial a. goes to:

A

-lips
-lateral nose

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14
Q

Facial a.:

A

-winds around mandible at vascular notch
-site for taking pulse

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15
Q

Linguofacial a. in horse and ox:

A

-lingual a. + facial a.

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16
Q

Superficial temporal a. goes to:

A

-parts of external ear
-masseter

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17
Q

Maxillary a. goes to:

A

-orbit
-temporalis
-teeth
-nose
-nasal cavity
-palate

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18
Q

Veins of the head have numerous:

A

-SUPERFICIAL anastomoses

19
Q

Veins inside cranium:

A
  • run INDEPENDENT of arteries
    -valve-less
    -collect dural venous sinuses and cavernous sinuses
20
Q

Veins OUTSIDE cranium:

A

-generally satellites to arteries

21
Q

External jugular vein:

A

-MAIN collector of blood from head

22
Q

Branches from external jugular vein:

A

-maxillary v.
-linguofacial v.

23
Q

Maxillary v. gets blood from:

A

-most of brain
-teeth
-chin
-nose
-NASAL CAVITY
-palate

24
Q

Branches from maxillary v.

A

-superficial temporal v.

25
Q

Superficial temporal v. gets blood from:

A

-temporal region
-maybe also from masseter and eyelids

26
Q

Branches form linguofacial v.

A

-lingual v.
-facial v.

27
Q

Lingual v. gets blood from:

A

-tongue

28
Q

Facial v. gets blood from:

A

-lips
-lateral nose

29
Q

How much of the cardiac output does the brain receive?

A

-15-20%
>supplied by SMALL arteries that form cerebral arterial CIRCLE (CAC)

30
Q

Cerebral arterial circle (CAC):

A

-circle of Willis
-ventral to brain
-joined by 2 internal carotid a. and basilar a. caudally

31
Q

Rete mirabile (RM):

A

-internal carotid or other major arteries may first form an anastomosing ARTERIAL plexus
-within cranial cavity but OUTSIDE of dura mater
-horses don’t have one

32
Q

Each RM network sends:

A

-an emissary vessel thru dura mater to CAC

33
Q

Basilar artery:

A

-runs caudally over medulla
-continues as ventral spinal artery w/anastomoses to vertebral a.

34
Q

Rete mirabile has close contact with:

A

-cavernous/venous sinuses
*contact may help reduce arterial blood TEMPERATURE
>may help reduce PULSATION of arteries before entering brain

35
Q

Cavernous/venous sinuses also receive:

A

-COLDER blood from face and nasal cavity

36
Q

Sources of blood to brain in dog, horse, humans and others:

A

-rostral half: internal carotid
-caudal: BAS
*flow in BAS is rostral

37
Q

Sources of blood to brain in cat and sheep:

A

-lumen of extra-cranial IC closed after birth
-MAX takes over as most important
>MAX has rete mirabile en route
*flow in BAS in caudal

38
Q

Sources of blood to brain in ox:

A

-lumen of extra-cranial IC closed in 1st year
-both MAX and VER take over (have RM)
-receives mixture of sources
*flow in BAS can be bidirectional

39
Q

TRANSVERSE facial a. in horse:

A

-another site for pulse taking

40
Q

Venous sinuses in horse:

A

-help PUMP blood when head is down

41
Q

What does the deep facial sinus join with in the horse?

A

-cavernous venous sinuses in cranium
>to help cool arterial blood

42
Q

Sinus of transverse facial vein is a:

A

-site for blood SAMPLES

43
Q

Ox head lumen of internal carotid (extra-cranial part):

A

-after ~1 year it is OBLITERATED

ANATOMY Section 4 Part 2 (11 decks)

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