Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular & respiratory > 1.1 Cardiovascular System General Principles > Flashcards

1.1 Cardiovascular System General Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • transport O2 and substrates TO cells
  • transport CO2 and metabolites FROM cells
  • distribute​ hormones
  • defense
  • hemostasis
  • thermoregulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Heart:

A

The pump: (driving force)
- hollow muscles beats avg 70x per min
- 2 primer pumps (atria)
- 2 power pumps (ventricles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where do arteries carry blood?

A

away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where do arteries terminate?

A

in capillary beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

microcirculation:

A

Where exchange with tissues occurs aka capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Capilaries​

A

very thin walls (endothelial cells only); site of exchange of gases and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

veins carry blood where?

A

back to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

veins:

A

less muscular than arteries but very elastic wall, blood reservoirs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the atria receive blood?

A

It gets it from the veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

to (artery) and from (veins) the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

systemic circulation

A

to and from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

receives the blood from veins?

A

atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pressure: Left side of heart pumps

A

oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation at HIGH pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pressure: Right side of heart pumps

A

deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary circulation​ (a short distance, lower pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
  1. MITRIAL
  2. TRICUSPID
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

A

separate atria from ventricles and are therefore inlet valves to the ventricles (inlet valves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When the ventricles contract evasion of the cusps is prevented by the action of

A

The papillary muscles through the chondrae tendinae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

semilumnar valves:

A

These two valves are the outlet valves of the ventricles.
- designed of blood doesn’t go back into ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Location of the valves ~ lateral view of thoraciac wall

A

Pulmonary valve sounds = 3&4
Aortic valve sounds = 4&5
Mitral valve sounds = 5&6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function of the cardiac skeleton?

A
  • provide structural integrity​ to the heart (fibrous tissue)
  • allows atria to contract before ventricles, so all four aren’t contracting at the same time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Coronary artery supply?

A

The heart muscle itself with blood (myocardium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Vessels with the most elastic?

A

large arteries
- specialized to deal with force of left ventricle with heart contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

large arteries:

A
  • Accommodate stroke volume (high elastance)
  • Convert intermittent ejection (stop-go flow) into continuous flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

are classified as conduit and feed vessels?

A

medium to small arteries
- feed blood to
- less elastic due to less force being required

25
Q

Are classified as resistance vessels?

A

arterioles, terminal arteries
- control​ arterial blood pressure
- control local blood flow

26
Q

are considered exchange vessels?

A

capillaries
- deliver nutrients
- lymph formation
- removal of metabolic waste

27
Q

are considered capacitance vessels?

A

venules, veins
- control cardiac filling pressure
- reservoir​ for blood
- stretchy Walls equal high blood volume

28
Q

delta P:

A

hydrostatic pressure gradient

29
Q

F =

A

blood flow

30
Q

If delta P increase than F

A

speeds up

31
Q

R =

A

resistance
- important in local blood flow
- easily changed by vessel diameter

32
Q

If R increases F

A

decreases

33
Q

Vasoconstriction leads to

A

increased resistance and decreased flow through the vessel

34
Q

vasodilation leads to

A

decreased resistance and increased flow through the vessel

35
Q

Two opposing forces act to move fluid across the capillary wall:

A

Oncotic pressure = pressure exerted by the proteins

Hydrostatic pressure = pressure exerted by the blood

36
Q

Movement of fluid depends on four variables known as the

A

starling forces

37
Q

If blood enters through the vena cava, then where does it exit?

A

Vena cava —> right atrium —> right ventricle
—> And exits via the pulmonary artery to the lungs

38
Q

If blood begins in the left atrium via the pulmonary veins, where does it exit?

A

Left atrium —> left ventricle —> an out via the aorta to the body

39
Q

Why is the pressure so much higher on the left side of the heart?

A

There is a massive pressure increase in left ventricle, because it is bigger than the right ventricle. It has a longer distance to travel.

40
Q

Contractions of the heart =

A

Increase in pressure

41
Q

Where does oxygenated blood enter?

A

The pulmonary ventricle

42
Q

Where does de oxygenated blood enter?

A

The vena cava

43
Q

Myocardium:

A

Cardiac muscle cells
- Thicker on left side of heart to generate blood to aorta —-> to rest of the body

44
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of the heart and the flaps that formed the valves of the heart
- Squamous epithelium

45
Q

Pericardial sac:

A

Fluid, helps heart move smoothly.
- Sits between parietal pericardium (just inside sac) and epicardium (visceral)

46
Q

Pericardial disease:

A

When pericardial sac becomes full of blood and forms infection

47
Q

When AV valves are open, the heart is ____

A

Relaxed

48
Q

When AV valves are closed, the heart is _____

A

Contracting

49
Q

What is the valve between the left ventricle and blood vessels leaving left ventricle?

A

Aortic semi lunar valve

50
Q

Why does the heart have a dense capillary supply?

A

Because it needs to use oxygen all the time to generate energy to provide contraction all the time

51
Q

What are the three layers present all blood vessels except capillaries?

A
  • intima: endothelial cells sitting on basement membrane, that lines blood vessels
  • media: smooth muscle cells
  • adventitia: connective tissue
52
Q

What does the muscle layer look like in veins?

A

Thinner - makes it more stretchy

53
Q

What is happening in this diagram?

A
54
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure does what?

A

Pushes substance out of the capillaries

55
Q

Interestrial fluid hydrostatic pressure does what?

A

Pushes substance into the capillaries

56
Q

Osmotic forced you to plasma protein concentration does what?

A

Attracts water into the capillaries

57
Q

Osmotic force due to interstial protein concentration does what?

A

Attracts substance out of the capillaries

58
Q

More protein=

A

Les water
-Water moving from high concentration to low concentration

59
Q

Fluid goes out arterial and not much and venous end. Where is the rest of the fluid going then?

A

Lymph - prevent swelling

Cardiovascular & respiratory (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions