2b- Cell Stucture

Question 1

What is the function of a nucleus?

Answer 1

Contains genetic material

Question 2

What is the function of a cytoplasm?

Answer 2

Jelly like substances where most chemical reactions occur

Question 3

What is the function of a cell membrane?

Answer 3

Controls the movement of substances in and out of cell

Question 4

What is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 4

Provides structure and support for cell. Usually made from cellulose

Question 5

What is the function of a mitochondria?

Answer 5

Where the most energy is released in respiration

Question 6

What is the function of a vacuole?

Answer 6

Stores substances, contains cell sap. Can get bigger and smaller.

Question 7

What are the 2 types of stem cells?

Answer 7

Embryonic

Adult

Question 8

What are stem cells?

Answer 8

non specialised cells that can turn into another cell

Question 9

Give 2 advantages to using stem cells

Answer 9

1) they can cure diseases

2) they can be used to grow new cells to replace destroyed ones

Question 10

Give 2 disadvantages to using stem cells

Answer 10

1) they can sometimes produce cancer

2) in the case of embryonic cells, and embryo is destroyed.

Question 11

What is the difference between adult and embryonic stem cells?

Answer 11

• Embryonic stem cells are found in an embryo + can become any type of cell
• adult stem cell can only be found in certain locations in the body, and can only become a cell relevant to them.

Question 12

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 12

When cells become specialised

Question 13

List and explain the 4 adaptations of a sperm cell

Answer 13

• Contain many mitochondria which provide sperm cells with the energy needed to swim to a female gamete
• Contain a nucleus where half a humans genetic information is stored
• They have a tail like flagellum to help them swim. They are also streamlined for this
• Contain a sac of enzymes to digest through the outer layer of the female gamete