Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe a lysosome

A

Round organelle surrounded by a membrane

Contains digestive enzymes

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2
Q

Describe a ribosome

A

Small orgamelle that floats freely or is attached to rough ER
Made up of proteins, not surrounded by a membrane
Site of protein synthesis

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3
Q

Describe rough ER

A

Membranes encolsing fluid-filled spaces that is covered in ribosomes
Folds and processes proteins made at ribosomes

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4
Q

Describe smooth ER

A

No ribosomes

Synthesises and processes lipids

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5
Q

Describe golgi apparatus

A

A group of fluid-filled, membrane bound, flattened sacs (vesicles often seen)
Processes and packages new lipids and proteins + makes lysosomes

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6
Q

Describe mitochondrion

A

Double-membrane bound organelle containing cristae (inner fold) and matrix (contains enzymes for respiration)
Site of aerobic respiration

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7
Q

Describe a centriole

A

Small, hollow cyliners made of microtubules (tiny protein cylinders)
Found in animal cells and SOME plant cells
Involved in separation of chromosomes during cell division

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8
Q

Describe nucleus

A

Large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope containing pores
Nucleus contains chromatin and the nucleolus
Controls the cells activities: DNA contains instructions to make proteins, pores allow subtsances to move in and out and nucleolus makes ribosomes

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9
Q

Where are proteins made?

A

Ribosomes

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10
Q

Where do ribosomes on the rough ER go after?

A

Make proteins that are excreted or attached to cell membrane

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11
Q

Where do free fooating ribosomes go?

A

They make proteins that stay in the cytoplasm

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12
Q

Describe protein production and transportation

A
  • New proteins made on the rough ER are folded and processes eg. Sugar chains added
  • Trasnported from the ER to golgi apparatus in vesicles
  • Proteins undergo further processing eg. Sugar chains trimmed
  • Proteins enter more vesicles to be transported around cell
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13
Q

For cell/tissue/organisation - see Biology January Mock ‘control of gene expression’

A

:)

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14
Q

What do prokaryotes not contain that eukaryotes do?

A

Prokaryotes do not contain any membrane-bound organelles

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