1.1.1 - Cell Structure (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes) Part 6.2 Flashcards
Define an eukaryotic cell.
Eukaryotic cell - a cell that contains membrane-bound organelles which all have a specific role.
Define a prokaryotic cell.
Prokaryotic cell - A cell that does not contain a true nucleus but still shows all the characteristics of a living organism.
Which is smaller: eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells.
True or false: prokaryotes contain a membrane.
True - Prokaryotes have only one membrane which is the cell surface membrane.
True or false: prokaryotes have a cell wall made of cellulose, unlike eukaryotes.
False - Prokaryotes do have a cell wall, however so do eukaryotic cells such as a plant cell. The cell wall of a prokaryote is made peptidoglycan whilst the cell wall of a plant cell is made of cellulose.
Outside the cell wall of prokaryote, there is a slippery protective layer. What is this called?
The capsule.
True or false: Prokaryotes contain ribosomes.
True - but they are smaller than of a eukaryote’s.
Describe the structure of a prokaryote’s DNA.
They have a single loop of DNA in their cytoplasm as well as very small loops of DNA called plasmids.
How do bacteria cells ‘pass on’ their resistance to antibiotics to other bacteria cells?
Resistance is coded in the plasmid DNA. Bacteria can share plasmids, passing between cells as well as passing on resistance to daughter cells during binary fission.
True or false: Prokaryotes have flagella. This is different from eukaryotic undulipodia.
True - Although the flagella and undulipodia fuction in similar ways, they have a different internal structure. They are made of a spiral protein attached to a protein disc that rotates.
