Chapter 27.3 and 27.4

Question 1

the process by which water enters Earth and becomes groundwater below the surface

Answer 1

Infiltration

Question 2

the upper boundary of the saturated zone is called

Answer 2

Water table

Question 3

a rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space is called

Answer 3

Aquifer

Question 4

the percentage of the material’s total volume that is pore space

Answer 4

Porosity

Question 5

the process of assigning an exact numerical age to an organism, an object, or an event

Answer 5

Absolute dating

Question 6

the process of placing objects or events in their proper order in time

Answer 6

Relative dating

Question 7

states that the laws nature operate today as they have in the past

Answer 7

Uniformitarianism

Question 8

in an undisturbed sequence of a sedimentary rock layers, the youngest rocks will be at the top and the oldest rocks will be at the bottom

Answer 8

Principle of superposition

Question 9

gaps in the rock record was absent

Answer 9

Unconformities

Question 10

the remains or traces of organisms found in the geologic rock record are called

Answer 10

Fossils

Question 11

What percentage of water on earth is salt water

Answer 11

97%

Question 12

What percentage of water on Earth is freshwater

Answer 12

3%

Question 13

Where is the majority of freshwater found

Answer 13

in glaciers

Question 14

Where is the smaller percentage of freshwater found

Answer 14

found in lakes, rivers, and stored as ground water

Question 15

What is precipitation

Answer 15

when water vapor cools and condenses (rain, snow, sleet, hail)

Question 16

what is runoff

Answer 16

water running off the land surface

Question 17

What is infiltration

Answer 17

the process by which water enters Earth and becomes groundwater

Question 18

What is transpiration

Answer 18

when plants release water vapor into the atmosphere through their leaves

Question 19

What is evaporation

Answer 19

when water enters the atmosphere as water vapor

Question 20

What is condensation

Answer 20

when water vapor collide with other water vapor molecules to form water droplets

Question 21

What is the water cycle

Answer 21

water on the land that enters the atmosphere and then comes back to the land

Question 22

What is an unsaturated zone for groundwater storage

Answer 22

a porous area where water easily passes through

Question 23

What is a saturated zone for groundwater storage

Answer 23

where water completely fills the pore space (beneath the unsaturated zone)

Question 24

What is a water table

Answer 24

the upper boundary of the saturated zone

Question 25

What does it mean if sediment is permeable

Answer 25

the material is the easier water can infiltrate through the ground

Question 26

What is an aquifer

Answer 26

a rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space

Question 27

What is the name of the Great Plains aquifer

Answer 27

Ogallala aquifer

Question 28

how many states does the Great Plains aquifer run through

Answer 28

8 states

Question 29

What are the names of the states that the Great Plains aquifer runs through

Answer 29

South Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas

Question 30

What is an aquitard

Answer 30

where water is confined

Question 31

How are water springs formed

Answer 31

where a water table naturally meets Earths surface

Question 32

what is an artesian well

Answer 32

wells drilled into pressurized aquifers

Question 33

what is a cone of depression

Answer 33

the direction that the water flows towards the well