Movement disorders

Question 1

Name an example of a hypokinetic movement disorder

Answer 1

parkinsonism

Question 2

Name an example of a hyperkinetic movement disorder

Answer 2

tremor
chorea
tics
myoclonus
dystonia

Question 3

Structure for describing tremor?

Answer 3

position- rest, postural, kinetic
body part affected
frequency
amplitude

Question 4

Differential for tremor?

Answer 4

physiological tremor
essential tremor
parkinson's disease
drugs
cerebellar disease
metabolic
orthostatic tremor 
dystonia

Question 5

Name a drug that causes tremor

Answer 5

dopamine antagonist- epileptic treatment
beta agonist
caffeine

Question 6

Example of metabolic disease causing tremor?

Answer 6

hyperthyroidism

Question 7

What is the pattern of inheritance of essential tremor?

Answer 7

AD

Question 8

What is the treatment for essential tremor?

Answer 8

beta blockers

Question 9

How is parkinson’s disease diagnosed?

Answer 9

brakinesia + 1 of the following: muscular rigidity, 4-6Hz tremor, postural instability

Question 10

Multisystems atrophy presents with parkinsonism and?

Answer 10

autonomic disturbance- urinary problems, postural hypotension

Question 11

Differentials for parkinsonism?

Answer 11

multisystems atrophy
parkinson plus syndromes
drug induced
lewy body demential
vascular parkinsonism

Question 12

Differential diagnosis for chorea

Answer 12

Huntington's disease
Wilson's disease
Fiederich's ataxia
antiphospholipid syndrome
drugs
lesions of basal ganglia

Question 13

Name two drugs that cause chorea

Answer 13

levodopa

dopamine receptor antagonists

Question 14

Which metabolic disorders can cause chorea

Answer 14

hypernatraemia
hyperlycaemia
polycythaemia vera

Question 15

Does tourette’s present in adults?

Answer 15

always under <18

Question 16

Which conditions are tourrette’s associated with?

Answer 16

ADHD
OCD
anxiety
depression

Question 17

Treatment for tics?

Answer 17

clonidine, botulinum

Question 18

Define myoclonus

Answer 18

sudden brief involuntary muscle jerk (loss of tone or muscle contraction)

Question 19

What are the causes of myoclonus?

Answer 19

drugs, metabolic (DKA, liver failure), epilepsy

Question 20

Define dystonia

Answer 20

sustained or intermittent muscle contractions

Question 21

What is torticollis?

Answer 21

twisted neck, overactivity of sternocleidomastoid= dystonic condition

Question 22

Name three causes of an ataxic gait

Answer 22

P - Posterior fossa tumour
A - Alcohol
S - Multiple sclerosis
T - Trauma
R - Rare causes
I - Inherited (e.g. Friedreich's ataxia)
E - Epilepsy treatments
S - Stroke