Evolution & Adaptations (1)

Question 1

Where do plants evolve from?

Answer 1

Green algae.

Question 2

What are the 3 distinct features of green algae?

Answer 2

• Have green chlorophyll.
• Store energy as starch.
• Havr cellulose.

Question 3

Who/What are the common ancestors of plants?

Answer 3

Stoneworts.

Question 4

From what/How do we collect evidence of plant evolution?

Answer 4

By comparisons of DNA & RNA base sequences.

Question 5

What are the events of land plants to enable plant evolution? (5)

Answer 5

• Embryo protection.
• Flower evolution.
• Seed production.
• Megaphylls evolution.
• Vascular tissue evolution.

Question 6

Why did megaphylls have to evolve?

Answer 6

To enable efficient light capture by plants.

Question 7

How are non-vascular similar to vascular? (3)

Answer 7

• Epical tissue.
• Cuticle covered bodies.
• Alternation of generation life cycle.

Question 8

Display the “timeline” of plant evolution. (3)

Answer 8

Non-tracheophytes.
|
Non-seed tracheophytes.
|
Seed plants.

Question 9

What 2 ways is there Alternation of generation?/ What 2 generations exist in plant evolution?

Answer 9

• Sporophyte generation.
• Gametophyte generation.

Question 10

5 Features of bryophytes?

Answer 10

• 1st.
• No vascular.
• No true roots + stems.
• Moist environments for reproduction.
• Cuticle covered bodies.

Question 11

3 examples of bryophytes & a feature of each?

Answer 11

• Liverworts = archegoniophore.
• Hornworts = symbiotic relationship.
• Mosses = life cycle.

Question 12

2 distinct features of sporophyte generation (2n)?

Answer 12

• Don’t have to fuse with another reproductive cell.
• Produce spores.

Question 13

2 distinct features of gametophyte generation (n)?

Answer 13

• Need to fuse together = zygote.
• produces gametes.

Question 14

What is epical tissue?

Answer 14

A structure that enables plants to grow or elongate.

Question 15

What are vascular plants?

Answer 15

Plants that have true roots, stems & leaves.

Question 16

What do does vascular tissue function to do?

Answer 16

It functions as the plant’s mechanical support.

Question 17

What are the 2 tissues that vascular tissue is made up of?

Answer 17

• Xylem.
• Phloem.

Question 18

What does xylem do?

Answer 18

It conducts water & minerals from the soil.

Question 19

What does Phloem do?

Answer 19

It transports nutrients from one part of the plant to another.

Question 20

What are the 2 groups of Non-seed/Seedless vascular plants?

Answer 20

• Lycophytes.
• Pteridophytes.

Question 21

Instead of seeds, what do seedless vascular plants have?

Answer 21

Wind-blown spores.

Question 22

Describe the gametes of seedless vascular plants.

Answer 22

The gametes are independent of the sporophyte for nutrition.

Question 23

Eg of lycophytes?

Answer 23

Club mosses.

Question 24

Eg of pteridophytes?

Answer 24

Ferns.

Question 25

Egs of seedless vascular plants? (2)

Answer 25

• Club mosses.
• Ferns.

Question 26

What are the 2 groups of seed plants?

Answer 26

• Gymnosperms.
• Angiosperms.

Question 27

What are Gymnosperms?

Answer 27

Cone-bearing plants.

Question 28

Describe Gymnosperms regarding ovules.

Answer 28

Female cones have ovules which are not completely enclosed by diploid tissue & later become seeds.

Question 29

Name the 3 types of Gymnosperms?

Answer 29

• Conifers.
• Cycads.
• Ginkgos.

Question 30

Where are conifers found?

Answer 30

In cold, dry areas.

Question 31

What do cycads look like? Describe their appearance.

Answer 31

They have large, finely divided leaves that grow in clusters.

Question 32

How do we know that Ginkgos are rare/going extinct?

Answer 32

They have 1 surviving species.

Question 33

What are angiosperms?

Answer 33

Large & successful flowering plants that co-evolved with plants.

Question 34

Describe angiosperms regarding ovules?

Answer 34

Ovules are found within the ovary and develop into seeds (covered) which ultimately become fruits.

Question 35

Name the 2 types of angiosperms?

Answer 35

• Monocots.
• Dicots.

Question 36

What is a seed made of? (3)

Answer 36

• Sporophyte embryo.
• Protective coat.
• Food source.