Islam Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is Islam?
An Abrahamic Monotheistic religion that is centered primarily around the Quran, a religious text which is believed to be the direct word of God as it was revealed by Muhammad, the main and final Islamic Prophet.
Who is Muhammad
was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of the world religion of Islam.[3] According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
Quran
the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God.
Sunni Islam
the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world’s Muslims. Its name comes from the word Sunnah, referring to the tradition of Muhammad.
Shia Islam
the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali, his son in law to be his successor. Shia asserts authority should be passed through the household of Muhammad. Accordingly, Shia Muslims believe the first proper authority over the Islamic people after Muhammad was Ali.
Caliphate
A caliphate is an Islamic state under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph, a person considered a political-religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world.
How do Shia and Sunni Islam disagree?
The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagreement over the succession to Muhammad and subsequently acquired broader political significance, as well as theological and juridical dimensions. According to Sunni traditions, Muhammad left no successor and the participants of the Saqifah event appointed Abu Bakr as the next-in-line. This contrasts with the Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed his son-in-law and cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor.
Saqifa Event
The Saqifa an event in early Islam where some of the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr as the first caliph and successor to Muhammad shortly after his death in 11 AH (632 CE). The Saqifa meeting is among the most controversial events in early Islam, due to the exclusion of a large number of Muhammad’s companions, including his immediate family and notably Ali, his cousin and son-in-law. The conflicts after Muhammad’s death are considered as the roots of the current division among Muslims. Those who accepted Abu Bakr’s caliphate were later labeled Sunnis, while the supporters of Ali’s right to caliphate went on to form the Shia.
Hadith
Islam refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as transmitted through chains of narrators. In other words, the ḥadīth are transmitted reports about what Muhammad said and did.
Sharia Law
is a body of religious law that forms part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and the Hadith. In Arabic, the term sharīʿah refers to God’s immutable divine law
Salafism
The Salafi movement or Salafism is a reform branch movement within Sunni Islam that originated during the nineteenth century. The name refers to advocacy of a return to the traditions of the “pious predecessors” (salaf), the first three generations of Muslims, who are believed to exemplify the pure form of Islam.
What are the three forms of Salafism
the largest group being the purists (or quietists), who avoid politics; the second largest group being the activists, who maintain regular involvement in politics; and the third group being the jihadists, who form a minority and advocate armed struggle to restore the early Islamic movement.
Jihadism
Jihadism is a neologism which is used in reference to “militant Islamic movements that are perceived as existentially threatening to the West” and “rooted in political Islam.”
Islamism
Islamism (also often called Islamic fundamentalism) is a political ideology which posits that modern states and regions should be reconstituted in constitutional, economic and judicial terms, in accordance with what is conceived as a revival or a return to authentic Islamic practice in its totality.
Salafi Jihadism
Salafi jihadism or jihadist-Salafism is a transnational, hybrid religious-political ideology based on the Sunni sect of Islamism, seeking to establish a global caliphate, characterized by the advocacy for “physical” (military) jihadist and Salafist concepts of returning to what adherents believe to be the “true Islam”.
Taliban
Deobandi Islamic fundamentalist, militant Islamist, and jihadist political movement in Afghanistan.
ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria)
a militant Islamist group and former unrecognized quasi-state that follows the Salafi jihadist branch of Sunni Islam.
Al-Qaeda
a multinational militant Sunni Islamic extremist network composed of Salafist jihadists. Al-Qaeda members believe a Christian-Jewish alliance (led by the United States) is conspiring to be at war against Islam and destroy Islam. Al-Qaeda ideologues envision the violent removal of all foreign and secular influences in Muslim countries, which it perceives as corrupt deviations.
