CHP.3 NERVOUS SYSTEMS ORGANIZATION

Question 1

Tissue Plasminogen activator (t-PA

Answer 1

breaks up clots and allows normal blood flow to return to the affected region.

Question 2

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 2

Results from a burst vessel bleeding into the brain

Question 3

Nuclei

Answer 3

Groups of neurons in the central nervous system

Question 4

Groups of axons within the central nervous system

Answer 4

Tracts

Question 5

What is Rostral-Caudal

Answer 5

Nose to tail axis of the body

Question 6

Back to front axis of the body is called

Answer 6

Dorsal-Ventral

Question 7

Structures that lie on the same side are called?

Answer 7

Ipsilateral

Question 8

Structures that lie on opposite sides are called?

Answer 8

Contralateral

Question 9

Structures close to one another are called?

Answer 9

Proximal

Question 10

Structures that are far away from each other are called

Answer 10

distal

Question 11

Afferent

Answer 11

Any movement TOWARDS a brain structure

Question 12

Efferent

Answer 12

Any movement AWAY from the brain structure.

Question 13

What is the Pre-central gyrus

Answer 13

The gyrus lying in front of the central sulcus

Question 14

This part of the brain is also known as “Jackson’s Strip”, after John Hughlings-Jackson, who noted that in epileptic attacks, the body’s limbs convulse in an orderly arrangement, suggesting to him that the representation of the body in the brain is also orderly

Answer 14

Pre-central gyrus (the motor strip)

Question 15

What does the somatic nervous system do?

Answer 15

Transmits incoming sensory information to the Central Nervous System. (This includes vision, hearing, pain, temperature, touch, and the position and movement of body parts, and produces movements in response).

Question 16

This nervous system controls the functioning of the body’s internal organs to “rest and digest” through the parasympathetic nerves or to “ fight or flight” through the sympathetic nerves

Answer 16

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 17

The brain and spinal cord are supported and protected from injury and infection in 4 ways. what are they?

Answer 17

1. The Skull and vertebrae
2. Triple-layered set of membranes (The Meninges)
3. Both cushioned by cerebrospinal fluid
4. Blood brain barrier

Question 18

What are the Outer, Middle and inner layers of meninges?

Answer 18

Outer- Dura mater
Middle- Arachnoid Membrane
Inner- Pia mater

D.A.P

Question 19

This is continually being made and drained off into the circulatory system through connecting channels among the ventricles.

Answer 19

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 20

How does the Blood brain barrier protect the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 20

By limiting the movement of chemicals from the rest of the body into the CNS and by protecting it from toxic substances and infection

Question 21

What type of glial cell stimulates the cells of capillaries to form tight junctions with one another, thus preventing many blood borne substances from crossing from the capillaries into the CNS tissues

Answer 21

Astroglia

Question 22

How many arteries does the brain receive blood from? (Specify what they’re called)

Answer 22

The brain receives from 4 arteries
- Two Carotid Arteries
- Two Vertebral Arteries

Question 23

What are the 3 Cerebral Arteries that irrigate the forebrain?

Answer 23

1. Anterior Cerebral Artery
2. Middle Cerebral Artery
3. Posterior Cerebral Artery

Question 24

Which Cerebral Artery irrigates the medial and dorsal parts of the cortex

Answer 24

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)

Question 25

Which Cerebral artery irrigates the lateral surface of the cortex?

Answer 25

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

Question 26

Which of the Cerebral Artery irrigates the ventral and posterior surfaces of the cortex?

Answer 26

Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)

Question 27

What is a Neural stem cell?

Answer 27

A self renewing, multi-potential cell that gives rise to any of the different types of neurons and glia in the nervous system

Question 28

The brain originates in a single undifferentiated ______________

Answer 28

Neural stem cell

Question 29

In the developing embryo, stem cells give rise to ________ cells, which migrate and act as precursor cells

Answer 29

Progenitor (AKA precursor Cell)

Question 30

An immature neuron or glial cell

Answer 30

A blast

Question 31

Name the 3 basic types of neurons

Answer 31

a) Sensory Neuron
b) Interneurons
c) Motor Neurons

Question 32

What do sensory neurons do?

Answer 32

Bring information to the Central Nervous System

Question 33

What does the Interneuron do?

Answer 33

Interneurons within the brain and spinal cord link up sensory- and motor-neuron activity in the Central Nervous System

Question 34

These neurons are located in the brainstem and spinal cord, and project to facial and body muscles.

Answer 34

Motor Neurons.

Question 35

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