Lecture 4

Question 1

Infection diseases are caused by

Answer 1

pathogens, and can be spread through contact via infected persons, food and water

Question 2

chronic diseases are

Answer 2

non-communicable, and are typically caused by genetics, aging process, and lifestyle factors
Ex: Dementia, diabetes, cancers, heart disease

Question 3

Epidemiological transition is the process

Answer 3

by which a pattern of mortality and disease in a population shifts from one high mortality due to infectious disease affecting all age groups to one of chronic, degenerative and human made disease

Question 4

Leading chronic disease deaths, globally

Answer 4

1 - cardiovascular diseases
2 - cancers
3 - respiratory diseases
4 - diabetes

Question 5

Lifestyle factors + Chronic disease

Answer 5

1 - poor nutrition
2 - tobacco use
3 - excess physical activity
4 - lack of physical activity
5 - mental health + stress
6 - Sleep

Question 6

Breast cancer & ovarian Cancer

Answer 6

gene - BRCA 1/2 mutations

Question 7

Early onset Alzheimer’s

Answer 7

gene - Amyloid precursor protein (APP)
Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) & Presenilin 2 (PSEN2)

Question 8

Late onset Alzheimer’s

Answer 8

Apolipoprotein E (APOE)

Question 9

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 9

Gene - TCF7L2, ABCC8, GLUT2, GCGR

Question 10

Colon Cancer

Answer 10

Genes -MSH2, MSH6, MLH1

Question 11

Cardiovascular disease

Answer 11

hundreds of genes

Question 12

Genetic can

Answer 12

increase the likelihood of developing particular chronic diseases

Question 13

Our lifestyle factors can

Answer 13

influence our genes, making it more or less liely that disease will develop

Question 14

Epigenetic is

Answer 14

the study oh how one’s behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way genes work.
Can be reversible

Question 15

DNA Methylation

Answer 15

adds a chemical group to DNA where it blocks the proteins that attach to DNA to read the gene.
Turns gene off making it unable to read.
Can be removed through a process called demethylation

Question 16

Histone modification

Answer 16

DNA wraps around proteins called histones. DNA wrapped tightly around histones cannot be accessed by proteins that read the gene turning it off

Question 17

NON coding RNA

Answer 17

Your DNA is used as instructions for making coding and non-coding RNA. Coding RNA is used to make proteins. Non-coding RNA helps control gene expression by attaching to coding RNA

Question 18

Lifestyle factors and environment have both

Answer 18

a physical repercussion on our health as well as an epigenetic effect