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D > 12 > Flashcards

12 Flashcards

1
Q

process is one that takes place with no addition or removal of heat

A

adiabatic process

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2
Q

Five mechanisms of deterioration have been attributed to air pollution

A

abrasion, deposition and removal, direct chemical attack, indirect chemical attack, and electrochemical corrosion

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3
Q

Factors That Influence Deterioration

A

Moisture, temperature, sunlight, and position of the exposed material

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4
Q

Metal corrosion does not appear to occur even at relatively high SO2 pollution levels until the relative humidity exceeds

A

60%

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5
Q

humidities above ____ will promote corrosion without air pollutants

A

70–90%

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6
Q

Higher air temperatures generally result in ____ reaction rates

A

higher

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7
Q

The white spots

A

fleck

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8
Q

screened out by the hairs in the nose

A

5–10 um

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9
Q

may diffuse to the alveolus cell wall but do not have a large enough terminal settling velocity to be removed efficiently

A

0.5 um

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10
Q

size range penetrate to the alveoli

A

1–2 um

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11
Q

used euphemistically to describe air pollution disasters

A

episode

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12
Q

Combustion processes account for ____% of the anthropogenic sources of nitrogen oxide

A

74

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13
Q

the photochemical oxidants result entirely from atmospheric reactions and are not direct emissions from either people or natur

A

secondary pollutants

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14
Q

formed through a series of reactions that are initiated by the absorption of a photon by an atom, molecule, free radical, or ion

A

photochemical oxidants

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15
Q

The ultimate fate of most of the SO2 in the atmosphere is conversion to

A

sulfate salts

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16
Q

Air pollution problems may occur on three scales

A

micro, meso, and macro

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17
Q

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, mites, and pollen are collectively referred to as

A

bioaerosols

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18
Q

has been singled out as one of the more prevalent, as well as one of the more toxic, compounds

A

Formaldehyde

19
Q

Ozone is formed and then protected by a series of reactions involving both

A

NOx and VOCs

20
Q

oxygen also serves as a barrier to UV radiation

A

wavelength of 0.2 um

21
Q

Molina and Rowland

A

potential air pollution threat to this protective ozone shield

22
Q

Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer was developed

A

1987, the Montreal Protoco

23
Q

After Montreal Protocol

A

Helsinki Declaration

24
Q

ratio of the radiation reflected by an object to that absorbed by it is called

A

albedo

25
Q

radiatively active gases that absorb at wavelengths greater than 4 um are called

A

greenhouse gases

26
Q

protocol targets for industrialized countries to reduce their GHG emissions were finalized

A

Kyoto Protocol

27
Q

tendency of the atmosphere to resist or enhance vertical motion is termed

A

stability

28
Q

plume rise, together with the physical stack height

A

effective stack height

29
Q

relation between the amount of pollutant adsorbed and the equilibrium pressure at constant temperature is called an

A

adsorption isotherm

30
Q

As saturation is approached, pollutant will begin to leak out of the bed, a process called

A

breakthrough

31
Q

Almost all nitrogen oxide (NOx) air pollution results from

A

combustion processes

32
Q

SCR

A

selective catalytic reduction

33
Q

SNCR

A

selective noncatalytic reduction

34
Q

nonselective catalytic reduction

A

NSCR

35
Q

particle sizes greater than about 10 m in diameter, the collector of choice is the

A

cyclone

36
Q

Bag life varies between

A

1 and 5 years

37
Q

Bag diameters range from

A

0.1 to 0.35 m

38
Q

Bag lengths vary between

A

2 and 10 m

39
Q

two broad approaches being developed to control mercury emissions

A

powdered activated carbon (PAC) injection and enhancement of existing control devices

40
Q

automobile engine with no air pollution controls

A

Gasoline Engine

41
Q

air supply is unthrottled; that is, its flow into the engine is unrestricted

A

Diesel Engine

42
Q

Propulsion is obtained when air drawn into the front of the engine is compressed and then heated by burning fuel.

A

The Jet Engine

43
Q

utilizes both gasoline and electricity for energy to drive the vehicle.

A

Hybrid automobiles

44
Q

gasoline vapor pressure

A

Reid vapor pressurR

D (9 decks)

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