Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BRS 2 G: NEUROANATOMY > 1.2 Cells Of The Nervous System > Flashcards

1.2 Cells Of The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons morphology (axonal projections)

A
  • unipolar (1 axonal projection)
  • pseudo unipolar (1 axonal projection that divides into 2)
  • bipolar (2 axonal projections)
  • multipolar (multiple axonal projections from cell body)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pyramidal cells

A

Pyramid shaped cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Purkinje cells

A

GABA neurons found in the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Golgi cells

A

GABA neurons found in the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neurons

A

Excitable cells of the CNS
Responsible for electrical transmission
non-dividing
Heterogenous morphology (can look different)
Share common features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Common features of neurons

A

Soma
Axon
Dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Soma

A

Cell body
Contains nucleus and ribsosomes
Neurofilaments (for structure and transport)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Axon

A

Long process/ nerve fibre
Originates from soma (at axon hillock)
Can branch off into collaterals
Usually covered in myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dendrites

A

Highly branched cell body
Not covered in myelin
Receive signals from other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

Glial cell
Produces myelin

Microphone (communicates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Astrocyte

A

Most abundant cell type in CNS
important for structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Microglia

A

Neuronal macrophage
Immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ependyma

A

Epithelial cells lining the ventricles
Regulate what enters and leaves the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What restores ion gradients in an action potential

A

Na+K+ATPase (pump)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Resting configuration

A

3Na+ enter vestibule
Energy from ATP allows ions to be transported out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Active configuration

A

Na+ removed from the cell
2 K+ enters

17
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

AP jumps between nodes of Rancier (gaps of myelin)

Myelin prevents AP spreading because it has high resistance and low capacitance

18
Q

Neurotansmission at the synapse

A
  1. Propagation of the action potential
  2. Neurotransmitter release from vesicles
  3. Activation of postsynaptic receptors
  4. Neurotransmitter reuptake
19
Q

First stage of neurotransmission across synapse

A

Propagation of action potential

20
Q

Propagation of the action potential

A
  • VGSC’s open
  • Na+ influx causes membrane depolarisation
  • AP moves along the neurone
  • VGKC’s open
  • K+ effluent causes Repolarisation
21
Q

Stage 2 of neurotransmission across synapse

A

Neurotransmitter release from vesicles

22
Q

Neurotransmitter release from vesicles

A
  • AP pens voltage gated Ca2+ channels at presynaptic terminal
  • Ca2+ influx
  • Vesicle exocytosis
23
Q

Stage 3 of neurotransmission across synapse

A

Activation of postsynaptic receptors

24
Q

Activation of postsynaptic receptors

A
  • NT binds to receptors on post-synaptic membrane
  • receptors modulate post-synaptic activity
25
Q

Stage 4 of neurotransmission across a synapse

A

Neurotransmitter reuptake

26
Q

Neurotransmitter reuptake

A
  • NT dissociates from receptor and can be metabolised by enzymes in synaptic cleft or recycled by transporter proteins
27
Q

Post synaptic cell functions

A

Communications between nerve cells (autocrine and paracrine neurotransmitter release)

Synaptic organisation

28
Q

Synaptic organisation at post-synaptic cell

A

Axodendritic synapse [presynaptic terminal connected to neuronal dendrite] slowest

Axosomatic synapse [PST connected to neuronal soma]

Axoaxonic synapse [PST connected to neuronal axon] fastest

29
Q

Neuromuscular junction (synapse)

A

Incorporates axon terminal and muscle membrane
Allows unidirectional chemical communication between peripheral nerve and muscle

Paracrine NT release

(Post synaptic cell is a muscle in this case)

30
Q

Disorders of the neuromuscular junction

A

Botulism
Myasthenia Gravis
Lambert- Eaton myasthenia syndrome (LEMS)

31
Q

Botulism

A

Botulinum toxin (BTx) - irreversible

Disrupts stimulation induced Ach release from presynaptic nerve terminal and so prevents muscles relaxing (constantly in a contractive state)

32
Q

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

A

Autoimmune disorder
Antibodies directed against muscle type nicotinic Ach receptors
Prevent muscles contracting and releasing fast enough
Causes fatigable weakness (more pronounced with repetitive use)

33
Q

Lambert-Eaton mysthenic syndrome (LEMS)

A

Autoimmune disorder
Antibodies directed against VGCa2+C’s
Prevents muscles contracting and relaxing properly

BRS 2 G: NEUROANATOMY (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions