Chapter 1: Kinetic particle theory Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is the chemical particle theory?
All matter is made of tiny particles in constant and random motion
What properties exist in states of matter?
- Kinetic energy of particles
- Forces of attraction between particles
- Movement of particles
- Arrangement of particles
- Ability to be compressed
Name the properties of particles in a solid
- Very low kinetic energy
- Very strong forces of attraction
- Vibrate and rotate about fixed positions
- Closely packed in an orderly manner
- Cannot be compressed as particles are very close to each other. Has a fixed volume
Name the properties of particles in a liquid
- Low kinetic energy
- Strong forces of attraction
- Move freely throughout the liquid
- Disorderly, less closely packed than solid
- Cannot be compressed as particles are still packed quite closely together. Fixed volume
Name the properties of particles in a gas
- High kinetic energy
- Very weak forces of attraction
- Move about rapidly in any direction
- Disorderly, very far apart
- A lot of space between particles to force them to move closer together. Can be compressed, no fixed volume
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
- Will result in homogenous or heterogenous mixture:
Homogenous: evenly spread (eg. air)
Heterogenous: more layers and not equally spread (eg. sand and water)
What is dissolving?
Cause a solid, liquid or gas to incorporate into a liquid to form a solution
What affects the rate of diffusion?
The lighter the particles, or the more kinetic energy they possess (eg. heating) , the faster they move/diffuse
In a tube with 2 substances, the area of reaction will occur closer to the slower and heavier particles
What is the Mr of air?
28
Example question: Why can you smell perfume?
Tiny gas particles of perfume freely diffuse in an area from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, eventually reaching one’s nose.
