005 CAL cartilage and endochondral ossification histology Flashcards
describe the characteristic features of simple hyaline cartilage
- chondrocytes, usually shrunken and in clusters
- matrix with collagen type 1 and 2, proteoglycans and GAGs
- adipocytes
- cartilage bounded by perichondrium
what are the 3 main types of permanent cartilage?
- hyaline
- elastic
- fibrous
what features are usually absent from cartilage?
- blood vessels
- nerves
- connections between cells
what are the key functional components of the cartilage matrix?
- fibrous = collagen type 1 and 2, elastin
- ground substances = glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans
what part of the body is this image of?
trachea
what stain is often used for cartilage?
- alcian blue
what colours does alcian blue stain collagen, mucous secreting glands and cartilage?
- collagen = pink
- cartilage = turquoise ( picks up GAGs)
- mucous secreting glands = also turquoise
in this image what is 1,2,3,4?
1 = hyaline cartilage rings
2 = fibrous connective tissue
3 = respiratory epithelium
4 = mucous-secreting gland
in this image what is 1,2,3,4,5,6?
1 = hyaline cartilage
2 = fibrous connective tissue (perichondrium)
3 = respiratory epithelium
4 = mucous-secreting gland
5 = goblet cells
6 = adipocytes
in this image what is 1,2,3?
1 = cartilage matrix, mostly type 2 collagen
2 = chondrocytes
3 = perichondrium, containing chondrocyte precursors and type 1 collagen
describe what this image is of
- synovial knee joint
- you can see the ends of 2 long bones connected by a cruciate ligament which is visible
- there is also an articular surface on top left box
in this image what is 1,2,3?
1 = articular cartilage
2 = subchondral bone
3 = adipocytes in bone marrow
in this image what is 1,2,3,4,5?
1 = articular surface
2 = synovial space
3 = articular cartilage
4 = subchondral bone
5 = adipocytes in bone marrow
in this image what is 1,2,3,4,5 and the white arrows?
1 = hyaline cartilage martix
2 = chondrocytes arranged in small clusters, limited interstitial proliferation
3 = mineralised articular cartilage, some chondrocytes are also
4 = subchondral bone
5 = osteocytes in subchondral bone
white arrows = advancing tidemark
what part of the body is this image of and what features can you see?
- immature knee = growing bone
- left top box = articular cartilage
- middle box = synovial joint
- right box = growing long bone
in this image what is 1,2?
1 = articular surface
2 = complex of blood vessels deep in cartilage (only sometimes present in rapidly growing cartilage)
what does this image show?
- synovial joint
- bone on left and right top corners
- synovial fluid in middle
- tendon at bottom
in this image what is 1,2,3?
growing long bone
1 = epiphyseal growth plate cartilage
2 = secondary ossification centre
3 = diaphyseal marrow cavity
in this image what is 1,2,3?
1 = zone of hypertrophy
2 = ribbons of mineralised cartilage matrix
3 = new bone matrix being deposited by osteoblasts
in this image what is 1,2,3,4,5?
1 = zone of resting/reserve cartilage
2 = zone of proliferating chondrocytes
3 = zone of hypertrophy
4 = mineralising cartilage matrix around hypertrophic chondrocytes
5 = proliferating chondrocytes secreting (initially unmineralised) cartilage matrix
what does this image show?
- pinna of the ear = elastic cartilage
- black = elastic fibres
in this image what is 1,2,3,4?
1 = elastic cartilage (hyaline cartilage with elastic fibers)
2 = perichondrium
3 = thin stratified squamous epithelium
4 = sebaceous glands
in this image what is 1,2,3,4?
1 = elastic cartilage
2 = chondrocytes
3 = perichondrium with pink collagen type 1 fibres
4 = elastic fibres
what does this image show?
- ribs
in this image what is 1,2?
1 = cartilage
2 = muscle
in this image what is 1,2,3,4,5?
1 = cartilage, white arrows = chondrocytes, growing
2 = chondrogenic layer of perichondrium, enables appositional growth
3 = fibrous tissue collagen 1 fibre
4 = skeletal muscle
5 = adipose tissue
