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Italian Wine Scholar: Northern Italy > Alto Adige > Flashcards

Alto Adige Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it said that Alto Adige is a “country within a country?”

A

It is an autonomous province and should be regarded separately from Trentino.
It is the most isolated and the most independent. It possesses the strongest self-governing administrative powers of the five autonomous regions of Italy.
It is the only region that does not employ Italian as its primary language.

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2
Q

How does Alto Adige identify?

A

The region has been Tyrolean since the 12th century and still considers itself Sudtirol.

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3
Q

When was Alto Adige released from Austrian rule and incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy?

A

1919, post WWI.
Although, it was briefly annexed by the Third Reich during WWII, but returned to Italy after its conclusion.

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4
Q

How does Alto Adige compare to Trentino?

A

While both have had national ownership transferred between Austria and Italy, Trentino has always been Italian in language and mindset and Alto Adige has always been German in language and mindset.

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5
Q

How has winemaking changed in Alto Adige over the last 30 years?

A

The once traditional light red wines they produced have been slowly replaced by characterful white wines.

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6
Q

Where are vineyards planted in Alto Adige?

A

The scarcity of available farmland forces producers to plant vineyards on hillsides, resulting in smaller quantities of higher-quality fruit.

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7
Q

How is Alto Adige able to produce wines that are clean, well-made and consistent in style and quality year after year - irrespective of grape variety?

A

-natually limited yields
-strong Germanic drive for order and perfection

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8
Q

What did Alto Adige do in the 1990s in order to craft wines of increasing expressivity and distinction?

A

Explore its terroirs.
This new focus transformed Alto Adige into one of Italy’s best white wine producers.

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9
Q

Where does Alto Adige stand on red wine production?

A

The success of their white wines was followed by a push for more refined and structured red wines in the 2000s. Although still quite small, red wine production is growing in reputation.

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10
Q

How old is Alto Adige as a winegrowing area and who cultivated the vines historically?

A

Alto Adige is one of the oldest winegrowing area in Germanic-speaking Europe.
Vines were cultivated by the local Rhaeti tribe, an ancient Alpine people of Etruscan origin.

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11
Q

What did Pliny the Elder say about the Rhaeti?

A

Wine was held in high regard by the Rhaeti who used wooden vessels to store and transport it, establishing these people as the forerunners of the modern barrel.

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12
Q

What language is spoken in Alto Adige?

A

Alto Adige/Sudtirol is officially bilingual, however German is the principal language for speech and in print.
Wine labels tend to be written in German and are often (not always) followed by Italian translation.

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13
Q

Where is Alto Adige/Sudtirol located?

A

It is found within the northeastern Italian Alps and is Italy’s northernmost winegrowing area. It is bordered by Austria to the north, Switzerland and Lombardia to the west, and Austria and Veneto to the east. Trentino lies to the south.

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14
Q

What is the capital of Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Bolzano/Bozen

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15
Q

How much of the Alto Adige/Sudtirol region is cultivable?

A

This mountainous region only allows for 15% of cultivable land.

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16
Q

What topographical feature is located on Alto Adige/Sudtirol’s eastern border?

A

The iconic Dolomites (Dolomiti), famous for their beauty and are the signature backdrop of the region.

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17
Q

Name the 3 main glacial valleys of Alto Adige/Sudtirol.

A

1) Venosta Valley/Vinschgau (Adige River)
2) Adige Valley/Etschtal (Adige River)
3) Isarco Valley/Eisacktal (Isarco River)

The 3 valleys form a “Y” with the Venosta/Vinshgau and Isarco/Eisacktal Valleys respectively forming the left and right arms.

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18
Q

Name the 2 rivers in Alto Adige/Sudtirol.

A

1) Adige/Etsch River
2) Isarco/Eisack River

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19
Q

Where does the Adige/Etsch River run?

A

The Adige/Etsch River begins its journey as overflow/spill from two Alpine lakes below Resia Pass (just south of the Austrian/Italian border & east of the Swiss border). It passes through the Venosta Valley/Vinschgau (flowing west to east) in the northwest quadrant of Alto Adige/Sudtirol. It then flows southeast at Merano until the city of Bolzano, then shifts due south through the central Adige Valley. Both the Adige River and Valley continue into Trentino, and then passes through Veneto before emptying into the Adriatic Sea.

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20
Q

Where does the Isarco/Eisack River run?

A

The Isarco/Eisack River begins its journey at Brenner Pass on the Austrian/Italian border. It flows southeast until the city of Bressanone, where it shifts and flows southwest across the Isarco Valley/Eisacktal (in the northeastern part of Alto Adige/Sudtirol). It joins the Adige/Etsch River near Bolzano/Bozen.

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21
Q

What are predominantly planted on the valley floors of Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Apples

Alto Adige/Sudtirol grows 10% of Europe’s total apple production.

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22
Q

Vineyards in Alto Adige/Sudtirol are planted at what elevation?

A

From 600-3,300ft/200-1,000m above sea level.

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23
Q

Where are the steepest slopes in Alto Adige/Sudtirol found?

A

In the northern valleys of:
-Isarco/Eisacktal
-Venosta/Vinschgau

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24
Q

What is the climate in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Continental

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25
Q

What topographical features influence the climate in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Its geographical position between the Alps and the moderating Mediterranean climate in the south makes the climate continental.
The proximity of Lake Garda contributes to the overall mitigating effect from the south. (The distance from the tip of Lake Garda to the southernmost portion of Alto Adige/Sudtirol is only 30mi/48km. To Bolzano its less than 50mi/80km.)
The Ora del Garda (a wind) is far-reaching.

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26
Q

How much sunshine does Alto Adige/Sudtirol receive annually?

A

300 days per year.

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27
Q

What is the average growing season temperature in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

64F/18C

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28
Q

How does Alto Adige/Sudtirol benefit from weather throughout the year?

A

-Steady breezes offset humidity
-Wide diurnal temperature swings
-Warm summer days
-Cool nights

These influences enhance the aromatic development of the grapes and provide for slow and gradual ripening and maturation.

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29
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol are red grapes planted?

A

On the valley floor where possible, or on lower hillsides slopes where they can ripen more successfully.

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30
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol are white grapes planted?

A

Cooler, high-altitude sites, yielding grapes and wines with bright aromatics and vibrant acidity.

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31
Q

How are producers able to produce a wide variety of wine styles from an extensive range of grapes in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Variables in vineyard altitude, location and orientation provide a considerable range of meso-climates.

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32
Q

How is it that Conca di Bolzano is one of the hottest places in all of Italy?

A

This geological basin at the foot of the Alps in the northern portion of the Aldige Valley surrounding the city of Bolzono is surrounded by mountains that effectively serve as a heat trap.
This area is particularly suitable for red grape varieties.

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33
Q

What is the average annual rainfall in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

20-35in/500-900mm and increases going south.

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34
Q

What is the driest area in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Val Venosta/Vinschgau

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35
Q

Describe Alto Adige/Sudtirol through the seasons.

A
  • Spring: sunny with mild temperatures in the valleys; cooler in the northern valleys and high-altitude sites.
  • Summer: warm to hot; cooler in the northern valleys and high-altitude sites. Rain is summer-dominant.
  • Autumn: mild in the valley floors; cooler in the northern valleys and high-altitude sites.
  • Winter: cold and snowy.
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36
Q

How are the soils of Alto Adige/Sudtirol broadly divided between valley floors and hillside vineyards?

A
  • Valley floors: relatively fertile, well-draining alluvial soils.
  • Hillsides: poor, weathered and eroded gravel-sands (this represents the majority of the land dedicated to vines).
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37
Q

What are the 5 major soil groupings/types found in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

1) Blozano/Bozen, Merano/Meran, Caldaro/Kaltern: Volcanic porphyry with pockets of clay and sand
2) Isarco Valley/Eisacktal & Venosta Valley/Vinschgau (to a lesser extent): Weathered schist, gneiss and slate (all rich in mica and quartz).
3) Southern Bassa Atesina area: Limestone and dolomite.
4) South of Cortaccia/Kurtatsch: Sandy marl.
5) Venosta Valley/Vinschgau: Sandy soils, low in fertility.

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38
Q

What soil type in Alto Adige/Sudtirol perfectly pairs with Lagrein and Schiava?

A

Warm, alluvial, gravelly-sandy soils.

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39
Q

What soil type in Alto Adige/Sudtirol prefectly pairs with Gewurztraminer?

A

Loamy soils rich in lime.

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40
Q

What soil type in Alto Adige/Sudtirol perfectly pairs with Sauvignon?

A

Gravelly terraced slopes.

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41
Q

What soil in Alto Adige/Sudtirol does Sylvaner (Silvaner) excel in?

A

Weathered rocky soils composed of mica and quartz.

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42
Q

How much area does Alto Adige/Sudtirol have under vine?

A

13,000ac/5,300ha

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43
Q

Name the 7 main winegrowing districts in Alto Adige/Sudtirol.

A
  1. Bassa Atesina/Unterland
  2. Oltradige/Uberetsch
  3. Bolzano/Bozen
  4. Val d’Adige/Etschtal
  5. Merano/Meran
  6. Valle Isarco/Eisacktal
  7. Val Venosta/Vinschgau
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44
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is the Bassa Atesina/Unterland district located?

A

This is the southernmost district; vineyards lie on both banks of the Adige/Etsch River.
The main wine towns are:
* Cortaccia/Kurtatsch
* Termeno/Tramin
* Montagna/Montan
* Egna/Neumarkt
* Magre/Margreid

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45
Q

The Bassa Atesina/Unterland wine district is well-known for which grape varieties?

A
  1. Gewurztraminer
  2. Muller Thurgau
  3. Pinot Nero

Pinot Grigio is also widely planted.

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46
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is the Oltradige/Uberetsch district located?

A

To the north of Bassa Atesina, this distric lies on the right bank of the Adige/Etsch River (west side); it is considered the heart of the Alto Adige/Sudtirol winegrowing region.
Two of the largest cultivation areas in Alto Adige are here:
1. Lago di Caldaro/Kalterer See (Lake Kaltern)
2. the town of Appiano/Eppan

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47
Q

The Oltradige/Uberetsch wine district is particularly well-known for which grape variety?

A

Schiava; a traditional, local red grape variety.

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48
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is the Bolzano/Bozen district located?

A

Around the city of Bolzano/Bozen.
Vineyards are mainly planted on the hills behind the city.
This is one of the hottest areas in Alto Adige/Sudtirol during the summer.

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49
Q

The Bolzano/Bozen wine district is renowned for which grape varieties?

A
  1. Lagrein
  2. Schiava

These red varieties thrive in this warm location.

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50
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is the Val d’Adige/Etschtal district located?

A

This district covers the area northwest of Bolzano/Bozen to the south of Merano/Meran.
The town of Terlano/Terlan is the major wine center, but Andriano/Andrian and Nalles/Nals are also of importance.
The district is characterized by its typical red porphyry soils.

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51
Q

The Val d’Adige/Etschtal wine district is noteworthy for which grape varieties?

A
  1. Sauvignon Blanc
  2. Pinot Bianco
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52
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is the Merano/Meran district located?

A

This district consists of the vineyard area around the city of Merano in northern Alto Adige.

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53
Q

The Merano/Meran wine district is known for which grape variety?

A

Schiava

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54
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is the Valle Isarco/Eisacktal district located?

A

This is the northernmost winegrowing area in Italy, boasting some of the highest vineyards in Alto Adige/Sudtirol.
This district encompasses the path of the Isarco/Eisack River as it flows from Bressanone/Brixnen in the northeast to where it joins the Adige/Etsch River near Bolzano.

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55
Q

The Valle Isarco/Eisacktal wine district is known for which grape varieties?

A
  1. Silvaner (Sylvaner)
  2. Riesling
  3. Muller Thurgau
  4. Kerner

Special emphasis is placed on German varieties.

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56
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is the Val Venosta/Vinschgau district located?

A

This district represents the northwestern extension of the Adige Valley.
Vineyards occupy the lower and central portion of the valley.
Previously dedicated to apple orchards, this area has become a recent center of new vineyard development. Growers capitalize on its cool, dry meso-climate and poor, sandy soils.

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57
Q

The Val Venosta/Vinschgau wine district is known for high quality wines from which grape varieties?

A
  1. Muller Thurgau
  2. Riesling
  3. Pinot Bianco
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58
Q

How much of Alto Adige/Sudtirol’s vine plantings are white varieties?

A

More than 60%.

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59
Q

How much of Alto Adige/Sudtirol’s total white wine production is made from international varieties?

A

70%; such as:
1. Pinot Grigio
2. Gewurztraminer
3. Chardonnay
4. Sauvignon Blanc
5. Pinot Bianco

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60
Q

How is Austria’s legacy represented in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

By a remarkable range of grapes that play a central role in the production of fine wine.
Varieties such as:
1. Silvaner (Sylvaner)
2. Kerner
3. Muller Thurgau
4. Riesling
5. Gruner Veltliner

These varieties have excelled in the cooler Isarco Valley/Eisacktal and Venosta Valley/Vinschgau.

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61
Q

Which two red varieties make up the majority of plantings in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A
  1. Schiava
  2. Lagrein

These varieties make up 60% of all red plantings and almost one-third of the total plantings overall (red & white).

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62
Q

Which red varieties will you find in Alto Adige/Sudtirol other than Schiava and Lagrein?

A
  1. Pinot Nero
  2. Merlot
  3. Cabernet Sauvignon
  4. Cabernet Franc
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63
Q

Name the Native and Traditional red varieties of Alto Adige/Sudtirol.

A
  1. Schiava/Vernatsch
  2. Lagrein
  3. Moscato Rosa/Rosenmuskateller

Others:
4. Malvasia/Malvasier

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64
Q

How long has Schiava/Vernatsch been cultivated in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Since at least the Middle Ages and its believed to be native to this area.

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65
Q

What style of wine has Schiava/Vernatsch been producing for centuries?

A

Light, red wines.

Note: it is still the most commonly planted “variety” in Alto Adige/Sudtirol.

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66
Q

How popular was Schiava/Vernatsch, historically?

A

It was once quite significant in terms of export to German-speaking countries, but exports have been in steady declince since the 1980s.

Today, this wine is mostly consumed in situ and is considered the everyday wine of Alto Adige/Sudtirol.

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67
Q

What are the characteristics of the Schiava/Vernatsch grape?

A

Schiava clusters have large berries and look like table grapes.

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68
Q

What are the characteristics of wine made from Schiava/Vernatsch?

A

Approachable, delicate, light in colour and body, and moderate in alcohol with low tannin and refreshing acidity.
The aroma profile displays strawberry, violet and almond notes. The palate is grapey and juicy, and the wines are best drunk young and chilled.

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69
Q

What is the Schiava group?

A

Schiava refers to a group of unrelated varieties that share common characteristics. There is no single variety.

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70
Q

Name the 3 main varieties of Schiava/Vernatsch.

A
  1. Grossa: most widely planted.
  2. Gentile
  3. Grigia

Vineyards usually contain a mix of all of them. Consequently, the wines are made from a blend of all 3, with Grossa dominating the mix.

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71
Q

What does Schiava mean?

A

Schiava in Italian means “female slave”; it comes from the Latic “sclavus.”
Since Roman times, these grape varieties have been tied to poles (cum vineis sclavis) as opposed to growing freely in trees.

72
Q

What does Vernatsch mean?

A

Vernatsch is a variation of a Tyrolean word that was taken from the latin “vernaulus” meaning “native.”

73
Q

What is Schiava called in most of Germany and Austria?

A

“Trollinger”

In Wurttemberg (German wine region), this widely-planted group of grapes is called “Urban.”

74
Q

How long has the Lagrein grape been cultivated in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Lagrein has been mentioned in official documents since the 11th century.

75
Q

DNA profiling has proven Lagrein to be an offspring of which variety?

A

Teroldego

76
Q

How does the Lagrein manage in the vineyards?

A

It is not an easy variety to grow as it is prone to poor flowering and pollination which results in irregular yields.
It is late-ripening and needs significant warmth and sun to fully ripen.

77
Q

Why are wines made from Lagrein often referred to as Scuro/Dunkel (dark) and labeled as Lagrein Dunkel?

A

Lagrein has one of the highest anthcyanin concentrations of all Italian reds. The red wines are very dark in colour.

78
Q

How are Rosato versions of Lagrein usually labeled?

A

Kretzer; they are particularly prized.

79
Q

What style of red wine does Lagrein produce?

A

The typical style is dark and powerful.
Although, some light and fruity Lagreins are also produced.

80
Q

What are the characteristics of a wine made from Lagrein?

A

Full-bodied, rich wines high in tannins and acidity that often show a bitter finish.
Packed with berry fruit and violet aromas, its savory and meaty character is balanced by intense fruitiness.
This flavour profile is often combined with spicy-oaky notes that seem to offset the bitter finish.

81
Q

Where are some of the most distinguished Lagreins produced?

A

On the flat, gravelly-sandy plain around the hamlet of Gries within the Bolzano/Bozen district.

82
Q

Where does Moscato Rosa/Rosenmuskateller get its name?

A

From the intense and attractive aroma of the fresh red roses.

83
Q

What style of wine is made from Moscato Rosa/Rosenmuskateller?

A

A prized and unique desser wine of considerable renown.

84
Q

Where is Moscato Rosa/Rosenmuskateller more widespread? Alto Adige/Sudtirol or Trentino?

A

Alto Adige/Sudtirol; and it is said to generally produce the best examples of the two regions.

85
Q

What are the characteristics of wines made from Moscato Rosa/Rosenmuskateller?

A

They are rose-scented, exotic and rich, with an almost syrupy sweetness that is cut and balanced by firm acidity.

86
Q

Name the Native and Traditional white variety of Alto Adige/Sudtirol.

A

Moscato Giallo/Goldenmuskateller; the 2 varieties share the same orange blossom and grapey aromas. However, Moscato Giallo possesses a more flowery and spicy profile - w/o the overt grapiness typical of Moscato Bianco.

87
Q

Which Italian variety, grown in Alto Adige, is often confused with Moscato Bianco (Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains)?

A

Moscato Giallo/Goldenmuskateller

88
Q

Where are the best growing sites for Moscato Giallo/Goldenmuskateller?

A

Moscato Giallo grows on warmer sites at lower altitudes.

89
Q

What styles of wine are produced from Moscato Giallo/Goldenmuskateller?

A
  • Rich dessert wines
  • Perfumed, dry white wines
90
Q

Name the International white varieties of Alto Adige/Sudtirol.

A
  1. Pinot Grigio/Rulander/Grauburgunder
  2. Gewurztraminer
  3. Chardonnay
  4. Pinot Bianco/Weissburgunder
  5. Sauvignon Blanc
  6. Muller Thurgau
  7. Sylvaner (Silvaner)
  8. Kerner
  9. Riesling

Others:
10. Gruner Veltliner (locally called Veltliner
11. Fraueler
12. Riesling Italico (Welschriesling)

91
Q

What styles of wine are produced from Pinot Grigio/Rulander/Grauburgunder in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A
  • Clean, well-made and subtly aromatic with crisp acidity and steely minerality.
  • some rounder and richer versions are also produced in the warmer areas of Bolzano/Bozen and Oltradige/Uberetsch.
92
Q

Is Gewurztraminer a native or traditional variety of Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Although non-native, it is a traditional variety.

93
Q

What are the characteristics of wines made from Gewurztraminer in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Intensely perfumed wines that show characteristic aromas of rose petals, lychees, spice and tropical fruit.
Here, they have the high alcohol levels and rich texture typical of this variety but they tend to be fresher, less heavy and less opulent then Gewurztraminers produced elsewhere.

94
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is Gewurztraminer’s historic home?

A

The west side of the Bass Atesina/Unterland winegrowing district around the towns of Termeno/Tramin and Cortaccia/Kurtatsch.

95
Q

What style of sweet wine is made from Gewurztraminer in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Vendemmia tardiva (late-harvest)

96
Q

What has long been considered Gewurztraminer’s place of origin?

A

The town of Termeno/Tramin.
In reality, the grape that was grown here for centuries was Traminer, Gewurztraminer’s “parent,” a pale-skinned and less aromatic grape native to northeast France and southwest Germany.
DNA profiling has identified Traminer as Savagnin Blanc and Gewurztraminer as its aromatic, pink-berried mutation, Savagnin Rose. (Note: There is a non-aromatic, pink-berried mutation of Savagnin Blanc as well. It is better known as Klevener.)
Today, Traminer (Savagnin Blanc) is no longer grown in Alto Adige/Sudtirol. Only Gewurztraminer is planted.

97
Q

What styles of Chardonnay are produced in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A
  • Fresh, fruity, unoaked style
  • A more complex version that offers riper fruit aromas and sweet spice notes due techniques such as small oak barrel fermentaion, lees stirring and oak maturation.
98
Q

How long has Pinot Bianco/Weissburgunder been grown in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Since at least the 1850s; it has quickly become one of the leading white grape varieties in this region.

99
Q

What are the characteristics of Pinot Bianco wines produced in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Although understated and subtle in aroma, the wines show finesse and elegance with attractive apple fruit and high acidity.
Some are soft and creamy in texture due to barrel fermentation and/or maturation in old, neutral oak casks.
The finest examples are long-lived and maintain freshness while developing a nutty complexity with age.

100
Q

Which winegrowing districts in Alto Adige/Sudtirol produce the best expressions of Pinot Bianco?

A
  • Oltradige/Uberetsch (particularly around the town of Appiano/Eppan)
  • Valdadige
101
Q

What are the characteristics of Sauvignon Blanc wines from Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Intense, mineral and crisp with fresh aromas of gooseberry and cut grass coupled with ripe yellow and exotic fruits.

This region produces one of the best examples of this variety in Italy today.

102
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is Muller Thurgau planted so that it may express its real potential?

A

Steep slopes at high altitude, particularly in the cool valleys of Isarco/Eisacktal and Venosta/Vinschgau.

103
Q

What are the characteristics of Muller Thurgau wines from Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Vibrant acidity and minerality with attractive floral bouquet plus apple fruit, nuts and the benchmark aroma of nutmeg.

104
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol are the majority of Sylvaner plantings located?

A

Valle Isarco/Eisacktal accounts for 95% of the total plantings and produceds distinctive Sylvaner from its high-altitute, terraced vineyards.

105
Q

What are the characteristics of Sylvaner wines from Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

A distinctive purity of aromas - all herbs and hay - coupled with lively minerality and its benchmark earthiness.
The wines are long-lived and become richer and more complex with age.

106
Q

Which variety is a cross between Riesling and Schiava?

A

Kerner; it is generally considered one of the most successful crosses in terms of complexity and aromatic quality.

In Alto Adige/Sudtirol, it is believed to have a bright future.

107
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is Kerner predominantly planted?

A

On high altitude sites in the Isarco Valley/Eisacktal and Venosta Valley/Vinschgau where it delivers fragrant, fruity and spicy wines.

108
Q

When was Riesling introduced to Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

19th century

109
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is Riesling mainly grown?

A
  • Isarco Valley/Eisacktal
  • Venosta Valley/Vinschgau
110
Q

What characteristics do the best examples of Riesling express in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Racy acidity, minerality, and attractive aromas of citrus and stone fruit.

111
Q

Name the International red varieties grown in Alto Adige/Sudtirol.

A
  1. Pinot Nero/Blauburgunder
  2. Merlot
  3. Cabernet Sauvignon
  4. Cabernet Franc

Others:
5) Portugieser

112
Q

How long has Pinot Nero benn grown in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Since the middle of the 19th century.

113
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol does Pinot Nero thrive?

A

In the Bassa Atesina district, particularly on the west-facing slopes (the east side) of the Adige/Etsch River around the towns of:
* Egna/Neumarkt
* Montagna/Montan
* Mazzone

Here, the vineyards are shaded for most of the morning and receive only afternoon sun, allowing for the slow and even ripening essential for quality Pinot Nero.

114
Q

What are the characteristics of Pinot Nero wines from Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Well-structured with aromas of red and black berries, violet and spice.

They can be considered some of the best examples of Pinot Nero in Italy.

115
Q

Which Bordeaux varieties are grown in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A
  1. Merlot
  2. Cabernet Sauvignon
  3. Cabernet Franc
116
Q

How long have Bordeaux varietals been grown in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Since the end of the 19th century.

117
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol are Bordeaux varietals primarily grown?

A

The southern districts of:
* Oltradige/Uberetsch
* Bassa Atesina/Unterland

Where they can ripen more easily.

118
Q

What methods in the vineyard have imroved the quality of Bordeaux varieties in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A
  • reduced yields
  • adoption of the Guyot training system
119
Q

What styles of wine are produced from Bordeaux varietals in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Most of the fruit is bottled as varietal wine, although Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc can be found blended together and labeled as simply “Cabernet.”

120
Q

Rank the grapes planted in Alto Adige/Sudtirol from most widely to least.

A
  1. Schiava (14%)
  2. Pinot Grigio (12%)
  3. Gewurztraminer (11%)
  4. Pinot Bianco (10%)
  5. Chardonnay (10%)
  6. Lagrein (8%)
  7. Pinot Nero (8%)
  8. Sauvignon Blanc (7%)
  9. Muller Thurgau (4%)

Others (14%)

121
Q

What is the dominant vine-training system in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Pergola Trentina; but is is usually smaller in size and closer to the ground than in Trentino.

This system has increasingly been replaced by the Guyot system in order to achieve lower yields and better ripeness levels, as well as to curb labor and hardwar costs associated with the construction/maintenance of the pergola.

122
Q

What percentage of Italy’s total wine production does Alto Adige/Sudtirol account for?

A

Less than 1%.

But it has one of the highest proportions of DOC wines in Italy.

123
Q

The use of small, new oak barrels are common for which varietal wine in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Chardonnay

124
Q

The use of large, old oak casks are more commonly used for which varietal wine in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Pinot Bianco

125
Q

Which varietal wines are largely produced in stainless steel and see no oak at all in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A
  • Sauvignon
  • Pinot Grigio
126
Q

Which style of wine are some of the wines made in Alto Adige/Sudtirol today and are increasingly becoming a central feature of the region’s wine production?

A

Single-vineyard bottlings; the serve to express the potential of Alto Adige/Sudtirol’s diverse terroirs.

127
Q

Name the DOC appellations of Alto Adige/Sudtirol.

A
  1. Alto Adige/Sudtirol DOC (the large regional appellation)
  2. Lago di Caldaro/Kalterersee DOC (shared with Trentino)
  3. Valdadige/Etschtaler DOC (shared with Trentino)
128
Q

What areas does the Alto Adige/Sudtirol DOC cover?

A

All of the Alto Adige/Sudtirol region.
The majority of wines produced in the region fall within the regional appellation of the Alto Adige/Sudtirol DOC.

129
Q

What are the requirements of Alto Adige/Sudtirol DOC wines?

A

All wines must be varietally labelled:
* min. 85% of variety stated on label

Except for:
* Traditional method sparkling wine
* white blends (labeled as Alto Adige/Sudtirol Weiss & based on Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco & Pinot Grigio) (less common)

130
Q

Name the most common varietal wines produced under Alto Adige/Sudtirol DOC.

A

Whites:
1. Pinot Grigio
2. Sauvignon
3. Pinot Bianco
4. Gewurztraminer
5. Chardonnay
6. Muller Thurgau

Red:
1. Schiava
2. Lagrein
3. Pinot Nero

131
Q

White blends of 2 varieties are allowed in Alto Adige/Sudtirol. What are the categories and how are they labeled?

A
  1. Pinot Bianco-Pinot Grigio
  2. Chardonnay-Pinot Bianco
  3. Chardonnay-Pinot Grigio

The name of both varieties will appear on the label.

132
Q

What is the DOC category for traditional method sparkling wines in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Spumante Metodo Classico Alto Adige/Sudtirol DOC

133
Q

What varietals are used in the production of Spumante Metodo Classico Alto Adige/Sudtirol DOC wines?

A
  1. Pinot Bianco and/or
  2. Chardonnay and/or
  3. Pinot Nero
134
Q

What are the lees and aging requirements for Spumante Metodo Classico Alto Adige/Sudtirol DOC wines?

A

Spumante:
* min. 15 months on lees

Spumante riserva:
* min. 36 months on less

135
Q

Name the red blends permitted in Alto Adige/Sudtirol DOC.

A
  1. Cabernet-Lagrein
  2. Merlot-Lagrein
  3. Cabernet-Merlot

(Cabernet can be either Sauvignon and/or Franc)
The names of both varietites will appear on the label.

136
Q

What area does the designation Alto Adige Lagrein di Gries/Sudtirol Grieser Lagrein DOC cover?

A

The area around the small hamlet of Gries (near Bolzano).

137
Q

What styles of wine are produced under Alto Adige Lagrein di Gries/Sudtirol Grieser Lagrein?

A
  • Red wines made from Lagrein
  • Rosato (kretzer) from Lagrein
138
Q

Which wines in Alto Adige/Sudtirol DOC can be released as riserva? What are the aging requirements?

A

All wines with the following exceptions:
* Schiava
* Muller Thurgau

Riserva:
* min. 2 years of aging

139
Q

What style of wine is Moscato Rosa used to produce in Alto Adige/Sudtirol DOC?

A
  • Vendemmia tardiva
  • Passito

The majority of the white grapes are also used for this purpose.

140
Q

Name the sub-zones of Alto Adige/Sudtirol.

A
  1. Terlano/Terlaner
  2. Valle Isarco/Eisacktaler
  3. Valle Venosta/Vinschgau
  4. Santa Maddalena/St. Magdalener
  5. Colli di Bolzano/Bozner Leiten
  6. Meranese/Meraner

The sub-zones were previously separate DOCs that have been converted to sub-zones under the main catch-all appellation. They can be mentioned on the label after the Alto Adige/Sudtirol DOC.

141
Q

Which sub-zone in Alto Adige/Sudtirol DOC is considered to be Sauvignon’s regional historic home?

A

Terlano/Terlaner; the best examples in all of Alto Adige/Sudtirol (and among the best in Italy) are produced here.

142
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is the Terlon/Terlaner sub-zone?

A

Around the town of Terlano/Terlan in the Val d’Adige/Etschtal wine district.

143
Q

What style of wines are produced in the Terlano/Terlaner sub-zone?

A

White wines

144
Q

Name the white grapes used for wine production in the Terlano/Terlaner sub-region.

A
  1. Sauvignon
  2. Pinot Bianco
  3. Chardonnay
  4. Muller Thurgau
  5. Pinot Grigio
  6. Riesling
  7. Riesling Italico (Welschriesling)
  8. Sylvaner (Silvaner)
145
Q

What is a wine from Terlano/Terlaner with no varietal designation on the label?

A

A traditional and renowned local white blend made from:
* min. 50% Pinot Bianco and/or Chardonnay
* coupled with a small proportion of Sauvignon Blanc

146
Q

What are the aging requirements of riserva wines from Terlano/Terlaner?

A

Riserva: min. 2 years aging

147
Q

What style of dessert wines are produced in Terlano/Terlaner?

A
  • Vendemmia tardiva (late harvest)
  • Passito
148
Q

Which sub-zone in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is Italy’s most northerly appellation?

A

Valle Isarco/Eisacktaler

149
Q

Which towns in Alto Adige/Sudtirol are able to use the designation Classico/Klassisch on their labels?

A
  1. Terlano/Terlan
  2. Nalles/Nals
  3. Andriano/Andrian
  4. Santa Maddalena/St. Magdalena
  5. Smaller, historic area surrounding Lago di Caldaro (Lake Caldaro)
150
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is the Valle Isarco/Eisacktaler sub-zone located?

A

It corresponds to the Isarco Valley/Eisacktal.

151
Q

What style of wine is the Valle Isarco/Eisacktaler sub-zone almost entirely focused on?

A

White varieties that are planted on high-altitude sites.

152
Q

Name the grape varieties grown in the Valle Isarco/Eisacktaler sub-zone.

A

Grapes that excel:
1. Sylvaner (Silvaner)
2. Kerner
3. Muller Thurgau

Also perform well:
1. Veltliner
2. Riesling
3. Gewurztraminer
4. Pinot Grigio

153
Q

What dessert wines are produced in the Valle Isarco/Eisacktaler sub-zone?

A
    1. Vendemmia tardiva (late-harvest)
  • Passito
154
Q

What are the aging requirements for riserva wines from the Valle Isarco/Eisacktaler sub-zone?

A

Riserva: min. 2 years aging.

155
Q

Name the only red wine permitted with-in the Valle Isarco/Eisacktaler sub-zone.

A

Klausner Laitacher

It hails from 4 towns within the sub-zone and is a blend of:
* Schiava
* Lagrein
* Portugieser
* Pinot Nero

156
Q

Which town in the Valle Isarco/Eisacktaler sub-zone are able to use their name as an additional designation after the sub-zone name?

A

Bressanone/Brixner

157
Q

Which is the newest sub-zone in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Valle Venosta/Vingschgau; this sub-zone is growing rapidly.

158
Q

Where is the Valle Venosta/Vingschgau sub-zone?

A

It corresponds to the Valle Venosta/Vingschgau wine growing district.

159
Q

Name the varietals grown in the Valle Venosta/Vingschgau sub-zone.

A

Particular focus on:
1. Riesling
2. Kerner
3. Muller Thurgau
4. Pinot Bianco

Others:
1. Pinot Grigio
2. Chardonnay
3. Gewurztraminer
4. Pinot Nero
5. Schiava

160
Q

What are the common characteristics of wines from the Valle Venosta/Vingschgau sub-zone?

A

Steely and high in acid due to cool climatic conditions.

161
Q

What dessert wines are produced in the Valle Venosta/Vingschgau sub-zone?

A
  • Vendemmia tardiva (late-harvest)
  • Passito
162
Q

What are the aging requirements of riserva wines from the Valle Venosta/Vingschgau sub-zone?

A

Riserva: min. 2 years aging.

163
Q

Which sub-zone in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is the historic home of Schiava?

A

Santa Maddalena/St. Magdalener

It is considered the most prestigious zone of production for Schiava as well.

164
Q

Where in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is the Santa Maddalena/St. Magdalener sub-zone?

A

Located on the slopes to the north of Bolzano/Bozen in the Bolzano wine district.

165
Q

Which wine used to be the most popular and well-known wine in all of Alto Adige/Sudtirol thanks to the export market?

A

Schiava from Santa Maddalena/St. Magdalener.

166
Q

How do Schiava wines from Santa Maddalena/St. Magdalener compare to other Schiava-based appellations?

A

The wines from Santa Maddalena/St. Magdalener tend to be fuller and more structured.

167
Q

Where is the Colli di Bolzano/Bozner Leiten sub-zone located?

A

On the hills surrounding Bolzano/Bozen.

168
Q

What varietal is grown in the Colli di Bolzano/Bozner Leiten sub-zone?

A

This sub-zone is dedicated to Schiava.

169
Q

Which DOC in Alto Adige/Sudtirol produces the largest quantity of Shiava in the entire region?

A

Lago di Caldaro/Kalterersee DOC
They are light, quaffable and refreshing.

170
Q

What are the requirements for wines from Lago di Caldaro/Kalterersee DOC?

A
  • min. 85% Schiava
  • “Alto Adige/Sudtirol” designation may be used when produced entirely from Alto Adige/Sudtirol.
171
Q

When can the designation scelto/auslese, superiore, and scelto classico superiore be applied to wines from Lago di Caldaro/Kalterersee DOC?

A

Scelto/auslese:
* min. 11.5% abv

Superiore:
* min. 11% abv

Scelto classico superiore:
* min. 12% abv

172
Q

List the Schiava appellations of Alto Adige/Sudtirol.

A
  1. Alto Adige/Sudtirol/Sudtirol Schiava DOC
  2. Alto Adige Santa Maddalena/Sudtirol St. Magdalener DOC
  3. Alto Adige Meranese/Sudtirol Meraner DOC
  4. Alto Adige Colli di Bolzano/Sudtirol Bozner Leiten DOC
  5. Lago di Caldaro/Kalterersee DOC
  6. Valdadige/Etschtaler Schiava DOC
173
Q

Which regions share the Valdadige/Etschtaler DOC?

A

This inter-regional DOC is shared between:
1. Alto Adige/Sudtirol
2. Trentino
3. Veneto

174
Q

Name the principal wines produced under Valdadige/Etschtaler DOC.

A
  1. Chardonnay
  2. Pinot Grigio
  3. Pinot Bianco
  4. Shiava
175
Q

What is the IGT used by producers in Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

Vigneti delle Dolomiti IGT;
very few wines produced in Alto Adige are labeled using this inter-regional IGT. Most wines fall within the Alto Adige/Sudtirol DOC category.

176
Q

Wine production in Alto Adige/Sudtirol is largely dominated by who?

A

Cooperatives account for almost 80% of the region’s total wine production.
Cooperatives tend to be higher in number but smaller in size (unlike Trentino).
Their commitment to quality and efficient, streamlined operations has made them not only some of the best cooperatives in Italy but also some fo the best wineries in Italy.

177
Q

What have estate wineries brought to Alto Adige/Sudtirol?

A

They have greatly elevated the reputation of all the wines from this region. Some of the best and most expressive wines from this region are now produced by independent estates. (Even though they account for a small portion of wine production here.)

Italian Wine Scholar: Northern Italy (21 decks)

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