2. Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

LOs

A

• Define what is an infection
• Understand what are the common infectious diseases in dental practice
• To choose the most appropriate investigations
• Enumerate common viral, bacterial and fungal infections, clinical features and treatment
• Understand the main differences between passive and active immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

infection?

A
  • process of tissue invasion by microorganisms,
    characterized by multiplication of these microorganisms in body of host to produce disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cross infection?

A

transmission of infection between patients as well as patient and health care professionals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

infection classifications?

A

COMMUNITY ACQUIRED INFECTION

  • manifesting or diagnosed within 24 hr of admission to hospital w/out previous healthcare encounters
  • ie. present @ time of admission or hospital visit

HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS

  • induced from source within the patients body (autogenous)
  • or outside the patients body (exogenous after a visit to a hospital or healthcare centre
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what to consider when making a diagnoses?

A

history (re: transmission of disease)

  • foreign travel
  • domestic pets
  • tattooing
  • immigrants
  • sexual activity
  • injections
  • occupation
  • drug addiction
  • transfusions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

infection investigation techniques/ procedures

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 categories of infectious disease?

A
  • Viral infection
  • Bacterial infection
  • Fungal infection
  • Parasitic infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

EG of common viral infections?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HERPES SIMPLEX

1- types (spread by?)
- incubation

2- pathogenesis

3- diagnoses/ infection

4- clinical features

5- complications

6- treatment

A

2- Pathogenesis
a. DNA targets epithelial cells
b. Replication causes cell lysis
c. Clusters of these infected cells come together and from vesicles
d. Infected cells fuse with healthy adjacent cells spreading infection and forming multinucleate cells
e. Full thickness of the epithelium lost and a well defined ulcer forms

3- Diagnosis/investigation
- Herpetic stomatitis may be visible -> Pale vesicles and ulcers are visible on the palate and gingiva, especially anteriorly, and the gingivae are erythematous and swollen.
- Histology of a smear can be tested and virus damaged cells will be visible.

4- CLINICAL FEATURES
- Orolabialis infection
- Sore throat, fever
- Vesicles on pharynx, buccal mucosa, gingiva and tongue -> spreads to lips and face
- Lymphadenopathy
- Recurrence
 Skin infections
• hsv-1 or hsv-2
• herpetic whitlow
• primary infections
 Eye infections
• usually hsv-1
• corneal involvement is serious since it may cause
blindness
 Genital / anal infections
• usually hsv-2

  1. Complications
    - Encephalitis -> inflammation of the brain
    -> affects temporal lobes
    - Neonatal -> baby born with herpes ->
    60% mortality rate
    - Usually occurs due to transfer of hsv-2
    during (parturition) birth - Potential
    indication for a caesarian section
    - Erythema multiforme -> red skin due to deposition of immune complexes, unknown cause
    - Eczema herpeticum -> viral infection characterized by itchy blisters and fever
  2. Treatment
    - May heal by itself
    - Acyclovir
    - Valacyclovir
    - Chlorhexidine mouthwash is sometimes used in an attempt to reduce pain by controlling
    secondary infection of ulcers. It also helps maintain gingival health while tooth brushing is
    impossible.
    - The saliva is infectious, and transfer to the eye must be avoided because ocular herpes infections
    may develop into encephalitis by direct spread along the optic nerves.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

n

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

j

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

j

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

h

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

h

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly