(Chapter 6.3) History of the Universe

Question 1

Define emission spectrum

Answer 1

The spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted when an electron makes a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state. As the name suggests, atoms emit energy

Question 2

Define absorption spectrum

Answer 2

The spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation transmitted when an electron makes a transition from a lower energy state to a higher energy state. As the name suggests, atoms absorb energy

Question 3

Define spectroscopy

Answer 3

The study of the absorption and emission of light and other radiation by matter

Question 4

Define red shift

Answer 4

A shift in the ‘red’ of the electromagnetic spectrum and indicates the galaxy is moving away from the Earth

Question 5

True or False. “Hubble correctly discovered that most galaxies tended to have a red shift.”

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Identify the correlation between red shift and velocity

Answer 6

The more severe a red shift is, the higher the velocity of a galaxy

Question 7

Define cosmic microwave background radiation

Answer 7

A faint glow of light that fills the universe, falling on Earth from every direction with nearly uniform intensity

Question 8

Identify the elongated term for CMBR

Answer 8

The elongated term for CMBR is Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

Question 9

Outline the accepted proposed history of the Universe by the majority of society

Answer 9

1. The universe began from a singular point containing large amounts of energy
2. Space and time are created from the big bang
3. The energy was converted into matter - atomic nuclei and clusters of protons and neutrons
4. Within 400 00 years, the universe began to cool until the point where it was possible for electrons to combine with the atomic nuclei to form neutral atoms
5. Electromagnetic radiation and CMBR entropied throughout the universe.
6. The universe was cool enough for gravity to clump matter and form celestial bodies

Question 10

Define the Big Bang Theory

Answer 10

A theory that states the universe and life started from a singular hot and dense particle that expanded into the universe

Question 11

Define the Steady State Theory

Answer 11

A theory that states the universe has always existed and always will; that the universe had no beginning and has no end. Furthermore, the expansion of the universe is caused by the constant creation of matter at an enormous rate

Question 12

Define radio source

Answer 12

Any of various objects in the universe that emit relatively large amounts of radio waves

Question 13

Recall the alternate term for radio source

Answer 13

Radio galaxies is the alternate term for radio source

Question 14

True or False: “Each element has unique spectra lines”

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Recall the formal term for red shift

Answer 15

The formal term for red shift is velocity of recession

Question 16

Explain why the occurrence of red shifts supports the theory that the universe is expanding

Answer 16

Red shifts show that galaxies are moving away from the Milky Way; hence, the distance between galaxies is expanding, which can only be explained by the expansion of the Universe

Question 17

Recall the most common element in space

Answer 17

Hydrogen is the most common element in space

Question 18

Recall the formula for energy

Answer 18

E = mc^2
where:
E = energy (Joules)
m = mass (kg)
c = speed of light (m/s)

Question 19

Recall the formula for Newton’s universal law of gravitation

Answer 19

F = G * (m_1 * m_2)/d^2
where:
F = Force of attraction (N)
G = Gravitational constant (6.67*10^-11)
m_1 = Mass of Object 1 (kg)
m_2 = Mass of Object 2 (kg)
d^2 = Distance between objects (m)

Question 20

Recall the influence of gravity on the formation of the universe

Answer 20

Gravity formed celestial bodies