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biology > 13 energy and ecosystems > Flashcards

13 energy and ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

what is a trophic evel?

A

the position an organism occurs within anenergy transfer

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2
Q

what are the 3 groups that organisms are divided into in a food chain?

A

producers
consumers
saprobionts

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3
Q

at what trophic level is a producer?

A

auto trophic

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4
Q

at what trophic level is a consumer?

A

heterotrophic

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5
Q

at wha trophic level is a saprobiont?

A

hetero/saprotrophic

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6
Q

what does autotrophic mean?

A

that the organisms build up organic compounds from simple molecules

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7
Q

what does heterotrophic mean?

A

that the organisms rely on an eternal source for organic compounds

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8
Q

what types of consumers are there?

A

primary
secondary
tertiary

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9
Q

what do all types of consumers eat?

A

primary eat producers
secondary eat primary
tertiary eat secondary

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10
Q

what are saprobionts?

A

organisms that break down organic compounds/dead organisms

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11
Q

give an example of a consumer

A

animal

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12
Q

give an example of a saprobiont

A

bacteria
fungi

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13
Q

what do arrows in a food chain indicate?

A

direction of energy transfer

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14
Q

what is a food web?

A

multiple food chains

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15
Q

what is biomass?

A

the total mass of organic material in a specific area at a given time

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16
Q

what is organic material?

A

carbon

17
Q

how do you calculate energy stored in biomass?

A

using a bomb calorimeter/calorimetry

18
Q

how is energy stored in biomass calculated using a bomb calorimeter?

A
  1. dry biomass is combusted within a sealed chamber (bomb)
  2. heat energy released causes temperature change in the water that the bomb is surrounded by
  3. energy is calculated using the specific heat capacity and the volume an temperature rise of water
19
Q

why are pyramids of energy pyramid shaped?

A

because energy is lost at each trophic level

20
Q

SPACE FOR ENERGY TRANSFER

A
21
Q

what are the 4 processes in the nitrogen cycle?

A

nitrification
denitrification
nitrogen fixation
decomposition/ammonification

22
Q

what microorganism undergoes nitrification?

A

nitrifying bacteria

23
Q

what microorganism undergoes denitrification?

A

denitrifying bacteria

24
Q

what microorganism undergoes nitrogen fixation?

A

nitrogen fixing bacteria

25
Q

what microorganism undergoes decomposition/ammonification?

A

saprobionts

26
Q

what is the reaction for nitrification?

A

ammonia to nitrites to nitrates
NH3 -> NO2- -> NO3-

27
Q

what is the reaction for denitrification?

A

nitrates to nitrogen gas
NO3- -> N2

28
Q

what is the reaction for nitrogen fixation?

A

nitrogen gas to ammonia
N2 -> NH3

biology (23 decks)

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