Introduction to Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

What four major elements form the human body?

A

Composed of four major elements:
* Carbon: 50%
* Oxygen: 20%
* Hydrogen: 10%
* Nitrogen: 8.5%

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2
Q

Percentages of each biomolecule in the human body

A
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3
Q

What are the major biomolecules?

A
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • Proteins
  • Polysaccharides
  • Lipids
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4
Q

What is the monomeric form of DNA?

A

Deoxynucleotide

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5
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

Responsible for carrying and transmitting the hereditary materials or the genetic instructions from parents to offsprings

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6
Q

What is the monomeric form of RNA?

A

Ribonucleotide

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7
Q

What is the function of RNA?

A

Enables the synthesis of proteins

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8
Q

What is the monomeric form of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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9
Q

What are the functions of proteins?

A

Proteins have a number of functional roles. Examples:
* Oxygen transport
* Enzymes
* Antibodies
* Structural proteins
* Contractile proteins

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10
Q

What is the monomeric form of polysaccharides?

A

Glucose

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11
Q

What is the major fucntion of polysaccharides?

A

Short-term storage of energy

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12
Q

What is the monomeric form of lipids?

A

Fatty acids

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13
Q

What are the major functions of lipids?

A

Membrane components
Long-term energy storage as triacylglycerols

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14
Q

What disorders are associated with each types of biomolecule?

A

Nucleic acid > Genetic diseases
Proteins > Sickle Cell Anemia
Lipids > Atherosclerosis
Carbohydrates > Diabetes Mellitus

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15
Q

How much of the human body is composed of water?

A

72-78%

70% of water intrecellularly and 30% extracellularly

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16
Q

What are aquaporins (AQPs)?

A

Aquaporins are channels which enable water to cross the hydrophobic cell membrane

They occur commonly in RBCs