Skin, Hair and Nails

Question 1

Cafe-Au-Lai

Answer 1

slightly but uniformly pigmented macule or patch

Question 2

Tinea Versicolor

Answer 2

superficial fungal infection of skin, causing hypo- or hyperpigmented (versicolor), slightly scaly macules on truc

Question 3

Risk for melanoma increase

Answer 3

> 50, hair color, actinic lentigines and heavy sun exposure

Question 4

A
B
C
D
E

Answer 4

A = asymmety
B= irregular borders
C = color changes, especially blue
D = diameter > 6 mm
E = evolution

Question 5

Skin and hypothyroidism

Answer 5

Expect it to be dry and rough

Question 6

Pityriasis rosea

Answer 6

• large single or “herald” patch preceding the eruption
• for example
• -only one large patch, then more lesion erupted suddenly on back and torso
• -lesions itch
• -pattern of eruption is like a christmas tree
• -variety of erythematous papules and macules on the cleavage lines of the back

Question 7

Tinea versicolor

Answer 7

tinea - fungal infection

• hypo- or hyperpigmented
• slightly scaley macules on trunk, neck and upper arms (short-sleeved shirt distribution)
• in lighter skin macules may look reddish or tan instead of pale

Question 8

Actinic keratosis

Answer 8

• superficial, hyperkeratotic papules
• can be round or irregular
• pink, tan or grayish
• appear on sun-exposed skin of older, fair-skinned people
• considered to be dysplastic or precancerous
• untreated, one of every 1000 per year develop into squamous cell carcinoma

Question 9

seborrheic keratosis`

Answer 9

• “stuck on” appearance
• common, benign, whitish-yellowish to brown raised papules or plaques
• typically multiple and symmetrically distributed on the trunk of older people, but may also appear on the face and elsewhere
• in black people and younger women may appear as a small, deeply pigmented papules on the cheeks and temples

Question 10

stage 3 ulcer

Answer 10

full-thickness skin loss with damage to or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend to, but not through, the underlying muscle

Question 11

Alopecia areata

Answer 11

clearly demarcated round or oval patch of hair loss, usually affecting young adults and children. There is no visible scaling or inflmmation

Question 12

stage 2 ulcer

Answer 12

Skin forms a blister or sore. Partial-thickness skin loss or ulceration involving the epidermis, dermis or both

Question 13

tinea capitis

Answer 13

ringworm

Question 14

trichotillomania

Answer 14

hair loss from pulling, plucking or twisting hair

Question 15

normally see jaundice first

Answer 15

sclera

Question 16

peripheral cyanosis

Answer 16

occurs when cutaneous blood flow decreases and slow and tissues extract more oxygen than usual from the blood. Peripheral cyanosis may be a normal response to anxiety or cold environment

Question 17

central cyanosis

Answer 17

low oxygen level in arterial blood

Question 18

beau’s line

Answer 18

transverse linear depression

• usually bilateral
• results from temporary disruption of proximal nail growth from systemic illness

Question 19

mees’ lines

Answer 19

transverse white bands

• curving transverse white bands that cross the nail parallel to the lumula
• seen in arsenic poisoning, heart failure, hodgkin’s, chemotherapy, carbon monoxide poisoning and leprosy