Mechanics

Question 1

define respiration

Answer 1

process of obtaining oxygen from environment & deliver to cells

Question 2

list the 4 phases of respiration

Answer 2

1. pulmonary retaliation
2. external exchange of gases
3. gas transport
4. internal exchange of gases

Question 3

define pulmonary ventilation

Answer 3

exchange air between atmosphere & air sacs

Question 4

define external exchange of gases

Answer 4

in lungs: O2 goes in blood & CO2 goes out

Question 5

define gas transport

Answer 5

moving substances in/within blood

Question 6

define internal exchange of gases

Answer 6

in body: CO2 moves to blood & O2 moves to cells

Question 7

what are the 2 phases of pulmonary ventilation

Answer 7

inspiration & exhalation

Question 8

define total lung volume

Answer 8

max amnt of air lungs can hold

Question 9

define tidal volume

Answer 9

amnt of air moved in/out of lungs w/each cycle

Question 10

define vital capacity

Answer 10

greatest volume of air that can be expelled from lungs after taking deepest possible breath

Question 11

define inspiratory reserve

Answer 11

amount of air able to be forcefully inhaled

Question 12

define expiratory reserve

Answer 12

amnt of air able to be forcefully exhaled

Question 13

define residual volume

Answer 13

amnt of air remaining in person’s lungs after full exhalation

Question 14

describe what happens to the diaphragm & lungs while inhaling

Answer 14

diaphragm contracts > lung volume increase + lung pressure decrease > air rushes in

Question 15

describe what happens to the diaphragm & lungs while exhaling

Answer 15

diaphragm relaxes > lung volume decrease + lung pressure increase > air rushes out

Question 16

define lung capacity

Answer 16

measure amnt of air able to be brought in & out lungs

Question 17

list the components of lung capacity

Answer 17

• tidal volume
• inspiratory reserve
• expiratory reserve
• vital capacity
• residual volume

Question 18

define spirometry

Answer 18

test measuring effectiveness of pulmonary ventilation

Question 19

what 2 systems regulate respiration

Answer 19

nervous & chemical

Question 20

describe the nervous system’s regulation of breathing

Answer 20

involuntary breathing controlled by medulla oblongata & pons; brain also able to control voluntary breathing

Question 21

describe the chemical regulation of breathing

Answer 21

chemical receptors in brain stem & blood vessels monitor CO2 & increases breathing to lower CO2 levels

Question 22

normal respiration for adults

Answer 22

12-20

Question 23

normal respiration for newborns

Answer 23

30-50

Question 24

define hyperventilation

Answer 24

higher than normal amnt of air enters alveoli

Question 25

define hypoventilation

Answer 25

lower than normal amnt of air enters alveoli

Question 26

define hyperpnea

Answer 26

increase depth & rate of breathing

Question 27

define hypopnea

Answer 27

decrease depth & rate of air movement into lungs causing oxygen levels to drop in blood

Question 28

define tachypnea

Answer 28

abnormally fast breathing

Question 29

define apnea

Answer 29

temporary cessation of breathing

Question 30

define dyspnea

Answer 30

difficult/labored breathing

Question 31

define Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Answer 31

progressively deeper & sometimes faster breathing followed by gradual decrease & apnea that repeats in a cycle taking 30 sec-2 min

Question 32

define orthpnea

Answer 32

difficulty breathing