Male Infertility

Question 1

Fertility

Answer 1

Capability of producing offspring

Question 2

Sterility

Answer 2

Absolute inability to producing offspring

Question 3

Subfertilty

Answer 3

Less than average ability to produce offspring

Question 4

Infertility

Answer 4

A factor of the breeder’s expectations of the outcome following a mating
Can be classed using different systems
○ Anatomical, physiological, and management causes
○ Obstructive, non-obstructive, coital

Question 5

Classification of Abnormalities

Answer 5

Abnormalities of coitus
Failure of fertilisation

Question 6

Abnormalities of coitus

Answer 6

○ Immaturity and inexperience
○ Inability or unwillingness to mount
○ Inability to achieve intromission
○ Haemospermia

Question 7

Failure of fertilisation

Answer 7

○ Testicular disease
○ Sperm abnormalities (may be associated with gross testicular or epididymal disease)
○ Epididymal lesions
○ Accessory gland disease (remember not all species have every type of accessory gland)

Question 8

Inability to Achieve Intromission Sub-categories

Answer 8

Failure of erection
Penile deviations
Penile trauma
Preputial abnormalities

Question 9

Failure of erection

Answer 9

○ Corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) rupture
○ Abnormal venous drainage of CCP

Question 10

Penile deviations

Answer 10

○ Spiral deviation of the penis (abnormal apical ligament)
○ Ventral deviation of the penis (persistence of penile frenulum)

Question 11

Penile trauma

Answer 11

○ Fracture of os penis
○ Paraphimosis - can’t reduce penis into preputial cavity