transition metals Flashcards

1
Q

what is a transition metal

A

element that forms at least one stable ion with a partially filled d subshell

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2
Q

key features of transition metals

A

3CV
-COMPLEX IONS
-COLOURED IONS
-CATALYTIC PROPERTIES
-VARIABLE OXIDATION STATES

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3
Q

co ordinate bond

A

shared pair of electrons which come from the same atom

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4
Q

ligand

A

an ion with a lone pair of electrons which can form a co-ordinate bond with a transition metal ion

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5
Q

coordination number

A

number of coordinate bonds

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6
Q

complex ion

A

central atom or ion surrounded by ligands

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7
Q

monodentate

A

each ligand forms 1 coordinate bond

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8
Q

bidentate

A

each ligand forms 2 coordinate bonds

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9
Q

multidentate

A

each ligand forms more than 2 coordinate bonds

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10
Q

octahedral transition metal complex

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+

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11
Q

tetrahedral transition metal complex

A

[CoCl4]2-

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12
Q

square planar transition metal complex

A

[Ni(CN)4]2-

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13
Q

liners transition metal complex

A

[Ag(NH3)2]+

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14
Q

chelate effect

A

-occurs when a monodentate ligand is substituted by a bidentate/multidentate ligand
-large increase in entropy which is thermodynamically favourable

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15
Q

explain why this reaction is feasible

A

-^S is positive
-more moles of products so more disorder
-breaking 6 bonds and forming 6 bonds
-^H is approximately zero
-so ^G is less than zero so the reaction is feasible

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16
Q

haemoglobin

A

-O2 forms a coordinate bond to Fe2+ in haemoglobin enabling oxygen to be transported in the blood
-CO is toxic because CO bonds more strongly to Fe2+ in haemoglobin, this prevents oxygen from bonding, causing suffocation

17
Q

stereoisomers

A

-same structural formula but different spatial arrangement of atoms

18
Q

cisplatin

A

-cis isomer of [PtCl2(NH3)2]
-anti cancer drug
-prevents DNA from unwinding so cancer cells can’t replicate
-prevents growth and spreading of cancerous cells

19
Q

why are TM coloured

A

-partially filled d sun shells
-all d orbitals are of equal energy known as ground state
-enables electrons to be excited from one d orbital to another
-when electron moves from the low energy d orbital to high energy, the energy is taken from white light
-colours are passed through sample, give compound colour