Midterm Study Guide - Lecture Material Flashcards
What are the 6 catagories of care in Ontario?
- Lifestyle Retirement communities
- Outreach Services
- Independent supportive living
- Retirement homes
- Palliative/Hospice Care
- Long term care
What is important to know about Adult Lifestyle Retirement Communities?
- Owned or rented house or apartment
- Recreational opportunities
- Maintenance and security is provided
Outreach Services
- Homecare or Community support services
- Provided through CCAC
- Can be funded publicly or privately or though non-profit organizations
Independent Supportive Living (housing)
- Apartments operated by non-profit and partially funded by MOH
- Purchase supportive services package
- Concierge/emergancy response, recreational programs, 1-2 meals daily
Retirement Homes
- Can’t manage all ADL
- Governed by the Retirement Homes Act (2010)
- provide security, care, support
Palliative/Hospice Care
- At home or in home-like setting for terminal patients
- Professionals and volunteers
- Goal: to ensure the emotional, spiritual, physical & practical needs of
both the client & their family are met - Hospice is late-stage
Long-Term Care
Funded through MOHLTC; profit or not-for-profit
- Assessment through a CCAC is required
- 5 (or less) LTC homes are chosen by the client or representative in order
of preference – put on a waiting list
- Admission to LTC facilities is governed by the Health Care Consent Act- requires informed consent
Who is eligible for LTC?
- 18 years of age or older
- Valid Ontario Health Card
- Have needs that can be met by the facility
- Not be able to have their needs met in the community by government funded programs
AND… - Require/be at risk for ONE of the following:
- 24 hr nursing care
- assistance with ADL
- daily on-site supervision
- risk of being abused at home
- risk to other persons in present residence
How much does LTC cost?
PRIVATE: $91/day
SEMI-PRIVATE: $77/day
WARD: $64/day
Can apply for subsidy (ward only) - $1000 a month and based on income
Retirement Homes ACT: Fundamental Principle
“…..a retirement home is to be operated
so that it is a place where residents live
with dignity, respect, privacy and
autonomy, in security, safety and comfort
and can make informed choices about
their care options.”
Fixing Long Term Care ACT: Fundamental Principle
“…a long-term care home is primarily the home
of the residents and as such it is to be operated
so that it is a place where they may live with
dignity and in security, safety and comfort and
have their physical, psychological, social, spiritual
and cultural needs adequately met.”
What changed with the new updated LTC Act?
MAINLY - improving staffing and accountability
* Priority areas include updates to Residents’ Bill of Rights, compliance and enforcement
requirements, complaints, whistle blower protection, visitor and caregiver policy, infection
prevention and control, building infrastructure, emergency planning, menu planning, quality
improvement, communications, annual physical exam requirements, requirements for medical
directors, palliative care, screening requirements including police checks for members of
governing structures, and minimum staffing hours and qualifications.
In LTC bill of rights, how many rights are identified for residents?
27
In Retirement home bill of rights how many rights are identified for residents?
10
What is the hierarchy in LTC oversight?
- Ontario MOH (Sylvia Jones)
- Ontario MOLTC (Paul Calandra)
- Appointed ministry officer as Director
(Director issues licenses)
What is Elder Abuse and how many seniors are impacted?
Elder abuse “a single, or repeated act, or lack of
appropriate action, occurring within any
relationship where there is an expectation of
trust which causes harm or distress to an older
person.”
10% of seniors experience elder abuse in
Ontario
Elder Abuse is often carried out by…
Family members
Pharmacy Automation
An automated pharmacy system is a mechanical system that performs operations or
activities with respect to the storage and packaging of drugs or medications, and with
respect to their dispensing or distribution directly to patients
Where is pharmacy automation prevalent?
Typically found in pharmacy providers who service Long-Term Care (LTC) facilities, but found more and more in community pharmacies
(expanding to centralized filling locations)
What are some advantages to Pharmacy Automation?
- Streamline workflow, improve efficiency and
productivity - Decrease potential for human error
- Increased medication security
- More time for pharmacists to spend with patients in expanded scope practices
- Ideal for high volume pharmacies but seeing
more automation in lower volume settings
What are some disadvantages to Pharmacy Automation?
- Assuming Accuracy
- Relaxed checking practices
- Robots only fill what they are instructed to fill - room for human error
- Only used for about 60% of drugs in pharmacy
- Maintenance issues
Multi-dose medication
- 7-day repackaged medication
administration - Used for all routine, solid oral medication doses which are administered at a
specific date and time - Physician authorizes meds to be filled in the strip pack for 7 days
What are the labelling requirements for strip packaged medication?
- Name of pharmacy and patient
- Date, directions, administration date/time
- Med names, dosage form & strength
- Quantities
- Doctor’s name
Patient Renewal Requests: What should we verify with patient when they call to fax doctor?
- RX actually has zero repeats left
- Which doctor to send the rx to and fax number is correct
- Confirm method of follow-up (calling, texting, setting time for pick-up, delivery)
- Contact details
Tax Receipts: What are some important things to remember?
- Confirm interval dates
- Difference between medical expense report and tax receipt
- RPht’s can sign official receipt
- Consent is important (always verify and document)
Medication History Reports: Important things to note
- Mostly from HCP looking for 6-month history
- Confirm name/DOB
Prescription Transfers: Overview
Pharmacists and/or Pharmacy Techs can perform transfers
- Patients can request
- Can be transferred verbally/by signature to pharmacy in Ontario or out of province
Transferring pharmacy must provide the following information:
- Name and address of patient
- Name and strength of drug
- Directions for use
- Name and address of prescriber
- Identity of manufacturer most recently dispensed
- Prescription number
- Total quantity of drug remaining to be dispensed
- Date drug was first dispensed and date of last refill
- Quantity most recently dispensed
- Name of member responsible for transfer
What information do we need from the pharmacy we are transferring the rx to?
- Date of transfer
- Identity of pharmacy to which prescription was transferred
- Name of member responsible for transfer
- If verbal, the name of member who received transfer
When receiving a transfer we must confirm the following:
- Transfer came from a licensed pharmacy in Canada
- Transfer has been documented properly
- Verbal transfers require signature of pharmacist or technician
Can an rx be transferred if there are no refills remaining?
No (we can send a copy of the original rx so they can fax doctor for refill)
What drugs cannot be transferred?
Narcotics and controlled drugs
- Benzos can only be transferred once (document in sig)
What is considered best practice for multiple rx on one sheet?
- fill or unfill prescriptions and then can transfer specific drugs to other pharmacies (do not photocopy)
Can pharmacies withhold transfers or force patient to pay for them?
No. They can invoice patient if they wish, but cannot prevent transfer regardless of payment
If an rx has already been filled and is waiting for pickup, what should we do before transferring the rx?
Always cancel the prescription before transferring!
Pharmacy Service Provider requirements for LTC include:
- Provide drugs 24/7
- Each resident has medication assessment, administration records, maintained medication profile
- System to notify pharmacy provider within 24hrs of admission, medical absence, discharge or death
LTC - Care team role of Attending Physician/RN (EC)
Each resident will have a physician/nurse to provide medical care that will provide the following:
- Admission/annual physical exam and write report
- Attend home regularly to provide service/assessment
- Provide after-hour/on-call coverage
LTC - Care team role of Director of Nursing and Personal Care (RN)
Resposible for the following:
- Organizing, directing, evaluating nursing care, nursing work and training programs
LTC - Care team role of Director of Nursing and Personal Care (RN)
Responsible for the following:
- Organizing, directing, evaluating nursing care, nursing work and training programs
- Min hours in director role
- Other nursing staff (RN, RPN, PSW, PA)
- Administrator and Medical Director
LTC - Care team role of Pharmacist/Pharmacy Technician
- Liaison with nursing and dietitian (medication instructions, orders, BPMH, MedsChecks)
- Consult with DOC, Med Director, nursing staff
How often must the Administrator, Medical Director, DNPC and Pharmacist meet to review medication management?
Every 3 months
How often must the above team meet with the Dietitian?
Every year
Requirement for the LTC Medication Management System:
- Must be reviewed and approved by the DNPC and Pharmacy service provider with quarterly evaluations
What should happen in a LTC when a medication incident occurs?
- Appropriate response is taken when adverse reactions occur
- A quarterly assessment is carried out and documented of each resident’s drug regimen
How should drugs be obtained/handled/stored in LTC?
All drugs must come from the pharmacy service provider or the government of Ontario
Drugs are obtained based on resident usage with no more then a 3 month supply kept in the home at a time
Controlled substances are stored in separate, double-locked cupboard in locked area OR separate locked area of locked medication cart
Who is allowed to administer drugs in LTC?
Physician, Dentist, RN or RPN unless:
- Trained staff member for topical medications (under supervision)
- Resident can self administer if approved by prescriber in consultation with staff
What is required by the LTC in order to provide medication to resident?
An individual prescription or written
direction (medication order) of the
prescriber attending the resident is
required – medication & self-meds
What are the requirements for the storage of medications in LTC?
- Original containers
- Resident’s drugs are labelled
- Stored in locked drug cabinet or storeroom accessible to nursing staff (RN on duty has keys)
- Protected from heat/light/moisture
- External use only medications are stored separately
What medications would be carded in a LTC?
Narcs, controlled meds, PRN, Warfarin, nitro, antibiotics, BC tablets, prednisone, dosage range meds
When is it ok for the med cart to be unlocked?
- in sight of the nurse during med pass
- in locked med room
Who would we report an adverse reaction/incident to?
- Resident, POA, DNPC, Medical Director, Prescriber, Attending, Pharmacy Service Provider
When is Drug Destruction required?
- Drug is discontinued/expired
- Resident discharged or dies
What are the requirements for legal drug destruction?
- Controlled drugs are destroyed by RN appointed by DNPC in presence of Pharmacist or Physician (RPhT as of 2014)
- All other drugs by RN + one other staff member appointed by DNPC
What needs to be documented for drug destruction in LTC?
Date
RX#
Pharmacy Name
Resident’s Name
Drug Name/Strength/Quantity
Reason
Signed by DNPC & Pharmacist or Physician
When are drug restraints allowed?
- immediate action to prevent serious bodily harm to resident or others
- must be documented including all assessments and monitoring of resident
What records are required to be kept for each resident?
- Own file that includes all medical and drug records
- written records of all matters relevant to resident including incident reports
- Application, history, physical exams, diagnoses, orders for treatment, daily nursing notes, phone orders
- Keep for 10 years after discharge or death
What is a MAR or e-MAR?
Medical Administration Record
1. A flagging system to indicate when these meds are to be administered
2. Legal document listing all medications
prescribed for an individual resident
3. Used to document all medications administered
to, omitted, or refused by the resident