Crop Protection Flashcards
What is a pest?
Anything that impedes or competes with crop plants:
- Weeds
- Insects and rodents
- Fungi
- Diseases (Aphids)
What is the difference between systemic and contact pesticides?
Systemic:
- Absorbed by the plant => roots, leaves, …
- Can interfere with ongoing crop growth
- Applied to soil or foliage/canopy
- Sprayed (liquid) or granules (powder, solid).
Contact:
- Direct contact to the pest
- Spray (liquid) or granules/ powder (solid)
Describe the optimal spraying conditions?
Weather conditions:
- No wind or light breeze only
- No rain
- No hot conditions, strong sunlight etc.
Crop conditions:
- Growth status in accordance with pesticide and pest
Also important to do documentation (data logging)
- Day, time
- Weather cond
- Amount of water used , concentration and dosage …
List the components of a mounted sprayer?
See slide 16…
Discuss spraying problems in terms of drift?
Uniform application
Drift:
- It is the relocation of droplets while they are sprayed
- Implies application technique (e.g. droplets size, pressure) –>droplet size is most influential to drift
- Meteorological factors (wind)
Describe the relation between drift and droplet size
Important aspect is the droplet size for the drift. If droplets are really small, the wind can carry them really easily. Distribution of droplets also depends on pressure.
- Droplet size: most influential to drift
- Size distribution: high pressure = small drops
- Small droplets: high potentia to drift
- List all physical weeding principles
■ Burial / Uprooting (Tillage)
□ Hoe, tine (finger/goosefoot), rotary tine/hoe
■ Thermal
□ Gas, radiation (UV-light), steam, laser
■ Electric
□ Electro-static
■ Cutting
□ Mowing, laser
■ Pneumatic
non-chemical pest control
■ Special machinery
■ Extra costs (investment, time & labor)
■ Low environmental impact
■ Common in Horticulture and Organic Production
■ Physical treatments
□ Mechanical and thermal weed control (weeds)
□ Collection of potato beetle (insects)
□…
■ Biological treatments
□ Natural antagonists (enemies)
□…