Lesson 6: Short Term/Working Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Modal model of Memeory

A

Input -> Sensory->Short Term (rehearsal/output - speaking) -> Long term memory (LTM info can go back to STM)

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2
Q

Sensory memory

A

Transient retention of memory in the sensory structures
- decays quickly, large cap, stores sensory info (not semantic - don’t process meaning)

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3
Q

Sensory Memory Types

A

Iconic: Trail of afterimage - Alzheimers
Echoic: What you hear like when someone says something an dyou say what and then process what they said - late language development
- No attention

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4
Q

Iconic

A

Shorter than echoic
- less than a second, 500 ms

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5
Q

Echoic

A

Longer than iconic
-10 s

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6
Q

Mismatch Negativity

A

Reflects comparison between stimulus and information in sensory (echoic) memory

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7
Q

Sperling (1960) - Timing and Capacity of Iconic Memory

A

Give words on screen and participants could only determine 35% of them and with a tone playing, over 75% correct

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8
Q

STM Duration
- Peterson and Peterson

A

15-20 seconds without rehearsal
- Proactive interference: Got harder to relay words after 1st trial
- Previous info in STM interferes with new info that wants to go into STM

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8
Q

STM Duration
- Peterson and Peterson

A

15-20 seconds without rehearsal
- Proactive interference: Got harder to relay words after 1st trial
- Previous info in STM interferes with new info that wants to go into STM

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9
Q

STM Capacity

A

4-9 items (Miller) 7 (+ or 2)
(Luck and Vogel): After 4, STM decreases more sharply - squares

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10
Q

Chunking

A

Allows people to remember more letters because they were able to remember fewer things

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11
Q

4 Items - STM

A

More difficulties with visual arrays
- No ability to chunk and capacity limit for the focus of attention

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12
Q

Working Memory

A

Manipulation of the information can take place in STM
- Doing mental math
- Baddeley’s Model of STM (info in STM can be manipulated)

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13
Q

Baddeley’s Model

A
  • Central Executive
    Phonological Loop: Verbal and auditory information
    Visuospatial Sketchpad: visual and spatial information
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14
Q

Phonological Loop

A

Phonological Store and articulatory rehearsal process (repeating in your head over and over)

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15
Q

Visuospatial Sketchpad

A

Holding a picture in your mind of your way around campus

16
Q

Central Executive

A

Phonological and visuospatial attached to it and coordinates activity between the two. Where the work on WM happens.

17
Q

Phonological Loop Evidence

A
  1. Phonological similarity Effect: more likely to confuse letters that sound similar rather than look similar
    2.. Word length effect: memory for lists of short words are better
  2. Articulatory Suppression: word length effect goes away if you can’t rehearse
18
Q

Visuospatial Sketchpad Evidence
- Shepard and Metzler Mental Rotation

A

Visual working memory where people could zoom in and out and mentally rotate things correctly

19
Q

Working Memory 2

A

Process diff types of info simultaneously (read while remembering numbers)
- Trouble when similar types of info presented at same time (2 things from visuospatial)

20
Q

WM Supported by PET Data

A

People with other damage that have visual damage are fine with verbal - double dissociation

21
Q

Episodic Buffer - Improving Baddeley’s

A

Extra storage area
- Backup store that communicates with LTM and WM
- Holds info longer with greater cap than phonological and visuospatial

22
Q

Applied WM Research

A

Writing out feelings before an exam makes you do better because you remove that information from your mind basically