Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

nutrition > Nutrition Exam 2 > Flashcards

Nutrition Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the preferred energy source for nerve cells?

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a straight chain of glucose?

A

Amylose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Glucose molecules linked by beta bonds that are largely indigestible?
Another word for them?

A

Resistant Starch

Fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Storage form of glucose for animals (humans)

A

Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the name of the thing that is extracted from plants or manufactured in a laboratory that have known health benefits?

A

Functional fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Soluble fibers are __________ and digested by intestinal bacteria.

A

Fermentable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is great fuel for flora in the large intestine?

A

Soluble fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Having a regular consumption of this can reduce risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, what is it?

A

Soluble fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 3 examples of soluble fibers?

A

Gum, pectin, and mucilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are soluble fibers found in?

A

Citrus fruits, berries, oats, and beans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the differences between soluble and insoluble fibers?

A

Insoluble fibers cannot be fermented by the bacteria in your colon soluble fibers are fermentable
Insoluble fibers cannot dissolve in water like soluble fibers can

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are examples of Insoluble fibers?

A

Lignins, cellulose, and hemicelluloses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are good sources of Insoluble fibers?

A

Whole grains, seeds, legumes, fruits, and vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the digestion that breaks down most carbohydrates into monosaccharides?

A

Amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why do things get sweeter in our mouths?

A

Because of the salivary amylase beginning to break starches down to maltose in the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is there carbohydrate digestion that occur in our stomach? Why or why not?

A

No because the stomach acids inactivate salivary amylase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glucose and galactose are absorbed via ___________ ?

A

Active Transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fructose is absorbed via_________? And it is a part of what process?

A

Facilitated diffusion

Transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is facilitated diffusions described as?

A

A slower absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Maintains blood sugar levels between meals

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When bacteria in the large intestines break down food, what is produced?

A

Gases and short-chain fatty. acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the process of bacteria breaking down food in the large intestines?

A

Fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fructose does not stimulate the release of _________.

A

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas

A

Glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What stimulates the liver to break down glucose?

A

Glucogon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Foods with a _____ glycemic index cause a sudden surge in blood glucose that triggers a large increase in insulin which may be followed by a dramatic fall in blood glucose.

A

High

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

True or False

Foods with a low glycemic index cause low to moderate fluctuations in blood glucose.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Higher fiber foods help to regulate blood glucose on a __________?

A

Low glycemic index

29
Q

Foods with lower glycemic index/load:

A

Legumes, fresh vegetables, and whole wheat.

30
Q

Occurs when carbohydrate. intake is too low to supply glucose to the brain

A

Ketosis

31
Q

Three types of lipids are found in foods and in body cells and tissues?

A

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Sterols

32
Q

Triglycerides consist of what 2 things?

A

One glycerol molecule
Three fatty acid molecules

33
Q

Transfats are similar to _______ fats and are bad for ________?

A

saturated
blood vessels

34
Q

Which fatty acids have more than one double bond?

A

Polyunsaturated

35
Q

Which fatty acids are solid at room temperature?

A

Saturated fatty acids

36
Q

What are high in saturated fatty acids?

A

Animal fats, butter, and lard

37
Q

What cannot be made by the body and must be obtained from food?

A

Essential fatty acids

38
Q

What kind of acid is eicosanoids?

A

Fatty acid

39
Q

Precursors to eicosanoids which regulate cell function

A
40
Q

What type of fatty acids are EPA and DHA?

A

Omega 3 fatty acids

41
Q

Where can a lot of fatty acids be found?

A

In fish

42
Q

What is soluble in water?

A

Phospholipids

43
Q

The of lipids used to make sex hormones, Vitamin D, and bile.

A

Sterols

44
Q

What captures lipid digestion products and transports them to enterocyte for absorption?

A

Micelles

45
Q

Thick deposits of foam cells, platelets, calcium.

A

Plaque Formation

46
Q

What fatty acids lower inflammation?

A

Omega 3 fatty acids

47
Q

Blood lipids include
a.
b.
c.
d.

A

Chylomicrons
VLDL
LDL
HDL

48
Q

chylomicrons?

A

Present only after a meal

49
Q

VLDL

A

Very low density lipoproteins

50
Q

LDL

A

Low density lipoproteins

51
Q

HDL

A

High density lipoproteins

52
Q

What is dictated by genetic material (DNA)

A

Proteins

53
Q

Transfer amine group from an essential amino acid to a different acid group and side chain R-group

A

Transamination

54
Q

Produce nonessential amino acids

A

transamination

55
Q

What type of amino acids can be synthesized by liver and is nonessential?

A

Transamination

56
Q

What kind of bonds join amino acids together to for what four tides?

A

Peptide bonds

Dipeptides
tripeptides
oligopeptides
polypeptides

57
Q

What process is this:
Existing proteins are degraded to provide the building blocks for new proteins?

A

Protein takeover

58
Q

Includes amino acids from food and cellular breakdown

A

Amino acid pool

59
Q

How are proteins denatured?

A

Uncoil and lose their shape when exposed to head, acid, base, heavy metal, and alcohol.

60
Q

What enzyme begins breakdown of proteins into short polypeptides and amino acids?

A

Pepsin

61
Q

What is the pancreatic enzyme?

A

Proteases

62
Q

What are the tree names of the pancreatic enzymes enzyme protease that complete protein digestion?

A

Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase

63
Q

What method for estimating protein quality uses a reference food item?

A

Chemical score

64
Q

Comparison of the amount of the limiting amino acid in a food to the amount in a reference food

A

Chemical score

65
Q

Grossly inadequate energy, protein, and nutrient intake
that has a depressed metabolism and low body temp and fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

A

Marasmus

66
Q

Disease resulting from low protein intake
symptoms:
weight loss
muscles wasting
slower growth/development

A

Kwashiorkor

67
Q

What is the RDA for carbohydrates?

A

130 grams per day

68
Q

What nutrient/mineral do people with lactose intolerance need to find alternative sources for?

A

Calcium

nutrition (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions